Post Graduate, Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India.
Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India.
Indian J Public Health. 2019 Jul-Sep;63(3):199-202. doi: 10.4103/ijph.IJPH_27_18.
Iodine deficiency is one of the most prevalent micronutrient deficiencies globally. Women in reproductive age group are vulnerable to develop iodine deficiency as there is an increase in demand for iodine, especially during pregnancy.
The objective is to assess the prevalence of goiter and its association with iodine status and salt usage practices among the women of reproductive age group.
A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from August 2015 to July 2017 among 1500 women of reproductive age group in five villages of Udupi Taluk. Stratified sampling design and proportion to population size of the reproductive age women in the study area was used to select the study participants. A pretested semi-structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Goiter was assessed clinically and graded as per the recommended criteria of the WHO. Salt samples from every household were collected for iodine estimation. Blood and urine samples were collected from subsample to estimate thyroid-stimulating hormone levels and urinary iodine excretion levels, respectively.
The overall prevalence of goiter was 13% with 11.5% being Grade 1 and 1.5% being Grade 2. No significant association of goiter with urinary iodine, salt iodine levels, and salt usage practices was found.
Median urinary iodine among the women with goiter indicates iodine sufficiency and no significant difference observed in urinary iodine levels between women with and without goiter.
碘缺乏是全球最普遍的微量营养素缺乏症之一。育龄妇女容易出现碘缺乏，因为她们的碘需求量增加，尤其是在怀孕期间。
本研究旨在评估育龄妇女甲状腺肿的患病率及其与碘状况和盐使用习惯的关系。
本项于 2015 年 8 月至 2017 年 7 月在乌杜皮县的五个村庄中进行了一项基于社区的横断面研究，共纳入 1500 名育龄妇女。采用分层抽样设计和研究地区育龄妇女的人口比例来选择研究对象。使用经过预测试的半结构式问卷进行数据收集。通过临床评估甲状腺肿，并按照世界卫生组织推荐的标准进行分级。从每个家庭收集盐样进行碘含量测定。从亚样本中采集血液和尿液样本，分别用于测定促甲状腺激素水平和尿碘排泄水平。
甲状腺肿的总患病率为 13%，其中 11.5%为 1 级，1.5%为 2 级。甲状腺肿与尿碘、盐碘水平和盐使用习惯无显著相关性。
甲状腺肿妇女的尿碘中位数表明碘充足，且甲状腺肿妇女与无甲状腺肿妇女的尿碘水平无显著差异。
