University of Cambridge.
Duke University.
Child Dev. 2020 Jul;91(4):1284-1301. doi: 10.1111/cdev.13306. Epub 2019 Sep 25.
Few data exist on gender-typed and gender-segregated play in hunter-gatherer societies, despite their unique demographic and cultural features which may influence children's gendered play. Using naturalistic observations of Hadza (N = 46, 41% female) and BaYaka (N = 65, 48% female) hunter-gatherer 3- to 18-year-olds from Tanzania and the Republic of Congo, we showed that access to playmates was negatively associated with playing in mixed-gender groups. Young boys did not engage in more rough-and-tumble play than girls, but adolescent boys participated in this type of play more than adolescent girls. Children were also more likely to participate in work-themed play which conformed to gender norms within their society. Findings are discussed within the context of gendered division of labor, child autonomy, and demography.
尽管狩猎采集社会具有独特的人口和文化特征，可能会影响儿童的性别化游戏，但关于这些社会中性别类型和性别隔离游戏的数据很少。本研究使用来自坦桑尼亚和刚果共和国的哈扎（Hadza）（N=46，女性占 41%）和巴雅卡（BaYaka）（N=65，女性占 48%）狩猎采集者 3 至 18 岁儿童的自然观察，表明与玩伴的接触与混合性别群体的游戏呈负相关。小男孩并不比女孩玩更多的打闹游戏，但青少年男孩比女孩更参与这种类型的游戏。儿童也更有可能参与符合其社会性别规范的以工作为主题的游戏。研究结果在性别分工、儿童自主性和人口统计学的背景下进行了讨论。
