Department of Biology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA.
Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Bogotá, Colombia.
J Anim Ecol. 2020 Feb;89(2):553-564. doi: 10.1111/1365-2656.13108. Epub 2019 Oct 20.
Biodiversity conservation in transformed landscapes is becoming increasingly important. However, most assessments of the value of modified habitats rely heavily on species presence and/or abundance, masking ecological processes such as habitat selection and phenomena like ecological traps, which may render species persistence uncertain. High species richness has been documented in tropical agroforestry systems, but comparisons with native habitat remnants generally lack detailed information on species demography and habitat use. We generated a multi-species, multi-measure framework to evaluate the role of habitat selection in the adaptation of species to transformed landscapes, and demonstrate that its use could affect how we value the contribution different land uses make to biodiversity conservation. We analysed 7 years of capture-mark-recapture and observation data for twelve species of resident birds present in native forest remnants and shade coffee plantations in a mega-diverse region. We assessed whether species behaved adaptively by evaluating the correlation between measures of habitat preference (occurrence, abundance, fidelity, inter-seasonal variance and age) and performance (body condition, muscle, primary moult, breeding and juveniles) in forest and coffee, and generated hypotheses about their role in species persistence. We documented adaptive habitat selection for seven species, non-ideal selection for four and maladaptive selection for one. While many species showed equal preference and/or equal performance in many traits, in general we found more evidence for birds preferring and/or performing better in forest than coffee, although relationships between our indicators and population adaptation need to be studied further before our proposed framework can be applied to more species and landscapes. While shade coffee can act as a biodiversity-friendly matrix providing complementary or supplementary habitat to a wide range of resident bird species, protecting remnants of native vegetation is still of paramount importance for biodiversity conservation in agricultural landscapes.
生物多样性保护在改造景观中变得越来越重要。然而，大多数对改良生境价值的评估都严重依赖物种的存在和/或丰度，掩盖了生态过程，如栖息地选择和生态陷阱现象，这可能使物种的持续存在变得不确定。热带农林系统中已经记录了高物种丰富度，但与原生栖息地残余物的比较通常缺乏关于物种动态和栖息地利用的详细信息。我们生成了一个多物种、多测量框架，以评估栖息地选择在物种适应改造景观中的作用，并证明其使用可能会影响我们对不同土地利用方式对生物多样性保护贡献的评估。我们分析了 7 年的捕获-标记-重捕和观察数据，这些数据来自一个生物多样性非常丰富的地区的原生森林残余物和遮荫咖啡种植园中存在的 12 种常驻鸟类。我们通过评估森林和咖啡中栖息地偏好（出现、丰度、保真度、季节间方差和年龄）和性能（身体状况、肌肉、初级换羽、繁殖和幼鸟）之间的相关性，评估了物种的适应性行为，并提出了关于它们在物种持续存在中的作用的假设。我们记录了 7 个物种的适应性栖息地选择，4 个物种的非理想选择和 1 个物种的适应性选择不当。虽然许多物种在许多特征上表现出同等的偏好和/或同等的表现，但总的来说，我们发现鸟类在森林中比在咖啡中更喜欢和/或表现更好的证据更多，尽管我们的指标与种群适应性之间的关系还需要进一步研究，然后才能将我们提出的框架应用于更多的物种和景观。虽然遮荫咖啡可以作为一种对生物多样性友好的基质，为广泛的常驻鸟类提供补充或补充栖息地，但保护原生植被的残余仍然是农业景观中生物多样性保护的首要任务。
