Voeten Daan M, den Bakker Chantal M, Goedegebuure Ruben S A, Heineman David J, Daams Freek, van der Peet Donald L
Amsterdam UMC, afd. Heelkunde, Amsterdam.
Contact: D.M. Voeten (
Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. 2019 Sep 13;163:D3718.
The incidence of oesophageal cancer is on the rise, particularly due to an increase in the number of adenocarcinomas of the distal oesophagus. Adenomas and squamous cell carcinomas are the most common histological subtypes; each should be considered as a different entity. The diagnosis 'oesophageal cancer' is confirmed on the basis of histopathological investigation of biopsies, whereas tumour staging is conducted through transoesophageal endoscopic ultrasound and FDG-PET/CT diagnostics. There are various options to treat patients with oesophageal cancer, such as endoscopic resection, multimodal therapy or definitive chemoradiotherapy. Since 2012, neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery is the standard treatment for oesophageal cancer, except with regard to patients with a T1 or M1 tumour. In the Netherlands, most surgical procedures are now minimally invasive procedures. Despite improved treatment options, mortality rates associated with oesophageal cancer remain high.
食管癌的发病率正在上升，尤其是由于远端食管腺癌的数量增加。腺瘤和鳞状细胞癌是最常见的组织学亚型；每种都应被视为不同的实体。“食管癌”的诊断基于活检的组织病理学检查来确认，而肿瘤分期则通过经食管内镜超声和FDG-PET/CT诊断进行。治疗食管癌患者有多种选择，如内镜切除、多模式治疗或确定性放化疗。自2012年以来，新辅助放化疗后手术是食管癌的标准治疗方法，但T1或M1肿瘤患者除外。在荷兰，现在大多数外科手术都是微创手术。尽管治疗选择有所改善，但与食管癌相关的死亡率仍然很高。
