RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, California.
RAND Corporation, RAND Corporation, 1776 Main St, Santa Monica, CA 90407. Email:
Prev Chronic Dis. 2019 Sep 26;16:E133. doi: 10.5888/pcd16.190017.
Many Americans fail to meet physical activity guidelines. We investigated whether this failure is due in part to a lack of free time.
We analyzed data from the American Time Use Survey, 2014 through 2016, with 32,048 respondents aged 15 years or older, categorizing every activity during a 24-hour period. Free or leisure time includes time spent socializing, being entertained, in sports and recreation activities, volunteering, in religious activities, taking classes for personal interest, and in associated travel time. Working in the labor market, education (unless only for personal interest), household work and home production (cooking, cleaning, child care, shopping), or self-care (sleeping, eating, grooming) are not free time. We stratified by sociodemographic characteristics, health, and body mass index, and we calculated descriptive statistics adjusted for the multistage sampling design.
Americans averaged more than 5 hours (>300 minutes) of free time per day; no subgroup reported having less than 4.5 hours (270 minutes) of free time. Men had more free time (mean [standard deviation], 356 [3] min/d) and spent more on leisure time physical activity (mean [SD], 24 [3] min/d) than women did (free time mean [SD], 318 [2] min/d, P < .001; and leisure time physical activity mean [SD], 14 [1] min/d, P < .001). Compared with those with a higher income and a college education, those with income below 185% of federal poverty guidelines and those with a high school education reported more free time but spent more time on television, movies, and other screen time and less on physical activity (all comparisons P < .001).
Lack of free time is not responsible for low levels of leisure time physical activity at the population level.
许多美国人未能达到身体活动指南的要求。我们研究了这种失败是否部分归因于缺乏空闲时间。
我们分析了 2014 年至 2016 年美国时间使用调查的数据，共有 32048 名年龄在 15 岁或以上的受访者，对 24 小时内的每一项活动进行分类。空闲或闲暇时间包括社交、娱乐、体育和娱乐活动、志愿服务、宗教活动、参加个人感兴趣的课程以及相关的旅行时间。在劳动力市场工作、教育（除非仅为个人兴趣）、家务和家庭生产（烹饪、清洁、儿童保育、购物）或自我护理（睡眠、饮食、修饰）不属于空闲时间。我们按社会人口特征、健康状况和体重指数进行分层，并计算了调整多阶段抽样设计的描述性统计数据。
美国人平均每天有超过 5 小时（>300 分钟）的空闲时间；没有任何一个亚组报告的空闲时间少于 4.5 小时（270 分钟）。男性的空闲时间（平均[标准差]，356[3]分钟/天）和休闲时间体育活动（平均[标准差]，24[3]分钟/天）比女性多（空闲时间平均[标准差]，318[2]分钟/天，P<.001；休闲时间体育活动平均[标准差]，14[1]分钟/天，P<.001）。与收入较高和受过大学教育的人相比，收入低于联邦贫困线 185%的人和高中教育程度的人报告了更多的空闲时间，但花在电视、电影和其他屏幕时间上的时间更多，花在体育活动上的时间更少（所有比较 P<.001）。
在人群水平上，缺乏空闲时间并不是休闲时间体育活动水平低的原因。
