Everglades Research and Education Center, University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Belle Glade, FL.
J Econ Entomol. 2020 Feb 8;113(1):538-542. doi: 10.1093/jee/toz255.
The sugarcane borer, Diatraea saccharalis (F.), rice stalk borer, Chilo plejadellus Zincken, and Mexican rice borer, Eoreuma loftini (Dyar), are stem borers (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) that infest rice (Oryza sativa L.) in the southern United States. A 2-yr study was conducted to determine stem borer injury, infestation, and parasitism levels in Florida. Thirty commercial rice fields were selected during the 2017 and 2018 growing seasons throughout the rice production region in southern Florida. Sampling for stem borer injury and infestations was conducted in each field between the milk and early maturation stages by observing plants at 10 locations, with three 1-m2 quadrats per location. In addition, monitoring for E. loftini adults was conducted using one pheromone trap adjacent to each field. In 2017, the number of rice tillers exhibiting stem borer injury averaged 0.024 tillers/m2 and infestation levels averaged 0.008 stem borers/m2, with only D. saccharalis being observed. In 2018, injury and infestation levels averaged 0.062 injured tillers/m2 and 0.023 D. saccharalis larvae or pupae/m2, respectively. The solitary parasitoid Alabagrus stigma Brullé (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) parasitized 33 and 40% of the collected D. saccharalis in 2017 and 2018, respectively. In addition, pheromone traps did not capture E. loftini adults. This study shows that D. saccharalis infests rice in Florida but at relatively low levels not threatening production and that rice fields are habitats for D. saccharalis parasitoids. This study also suggests that C. plejadellus and E. loftini do not occur in southern Florida.
甘蔗螟、二化螟、稻秆螟和墨西哥稻螟是美国南部水稻上的蛀茎鳞翅目（鳞翅目：草螟科）害虫。本研究在美国佛罗里达州进行了为期 2 年的研究，以确定该地区的蛀茎虫损伤、侵染和寄生水平。在 2017 年和 2018 年的生长季节，在佛罗里达州南部的整个水稻生产区选择了 30 个商业水稻田。在每个田间，在牛奶期和早期成熟期之间，通过在 10 个地点观察植物，每个地点有三个 1 平方米的四分之一，进行蛀茎虫损伤和侵染的抽样。此外，还使用每个田间附近的一个性诱捕器监测 E. loftini 成虫。2017 年，表现出蛀茎虫损伤的水稻分蘖数平均为 0.024 个/平方米，侵染水平平均为 0.008 头/平方米，仅观察到 D. saccharalis。2018 年，损伤和侵染水平分别平均为 0.062 个受损分蘖/平方米和 0.023 头 D. saccharalis 幼虫或蛹/平方米。独居寄生蜂 Alabagrus stigma Brullé（膜翅目：Braconidae）分别在 2017 年和 2018 年寄生了收集到的 D. saccharalis 的 33%和 40%。此外，性诱捕器没有捕获到 E. loftini 成虫。本研究表明，D. saccharalis 在佛罗里达州的水稻上寄生，但水平相对较低，不会威胁到生产，而且水稻田是 D. saccharalis 寄生蜂的栖息地。本研究还表明，二化螟和墨西哥稻螟不在佛罗里达州南部发生。
