Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, Cd. Obregón, Sonora 85000, Mexico.
ITAM, Río Hondo 1, Ciudad de México 01080, Mexico.
Int J Med Inform. 2019 Nov;131:103972. doi: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2019.103972. Epub 2019 Sep 25.
This paper presents Alzheed, a mobile application for monitoring patients with Alzheimer's disease at day centers as well as a set of design recommendations for the development of healthcare mobile applications. The Alzheed project was conducted at Day Center "Dorita de Ojeda" that is focused on the care of patients with Alzheimer's disease.
A software design methodology based on participatory design was employed for the design of Alzheed. This methodology is both iterative and incremental and consists of two main iterative stages: evaluation of low-fidelity prototypes and evaluation of high-fidelity prototypes. Low-fidelity prototypes were evaluated by 11 day center's healthcare professionals (involved in the design of Alzheed), whereas high-fidelity prototypes were evaluated using a questionnaire based on the technology acceptance model (TAM) by the same healthcare professionals plus 30 senior psychology undergraduate students uninvolved in the design of Alzheed.
Healthcare professional participants perceived Alzheed as extremely likely to be useful and extremely likely to be usable, whereas senior psychology undergraduate students perceived Alzheed as quite likely to be useful and quite likely to be usable. Particularly, the median and mode of the TAM questionnaire were 7 (extremely likely) for healthcare professionals and 6 (quite likely) for psychology students (for both constructs: perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use). One-sample Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were performed to confirm the significance of the median for each construct.
From the experience of designing Alzheed, it can be concluded that co-designing with healthcare professionals leads to (i) fostering group endorsement, which prevents resistance to change and (ii) helps to meet the needs of both healthcare professionals and patients, guaranteeing the usefulness of the application. In addition, evaluation of mobile healthcare applications by users involved and uninvolved in the application's design process helps to improve the ease of use of the application.
本文提出了 Alzheed，这是一款用于日间中心监测阿尔茨海默病患者的移动应用程序，以及一套用于开发医疗保健移动应用程序的设计建议。Alzheed 项目是在专注于阿尔茨海默病患者护理的日托中心“Dorita de Ojeda”进行的。
基于参与式设计的软件设计方法被用于 Alzheed 的设计。这种方法是迭代和增量的，包括两个主要的迭代阶段：低保真原型的评估和高保真原型的评估。低保真原型由 11 名日间中心的医疗保健专业人员（参与 Alzheed 的设计）进行评估，而高保真原型则由同样的医疗保健专业人员和 30 名不参与 Alzheed 设计的高级心理学本科生使用基于技术接受模型（TAM）的问卷进行评估。
医疗保健专业人员参与者认为 Alzheed 非常有可能有用且非常易于使用，而高级心理学本科生则认为 Alzheed 相当有可能有用且相当易于使用。特别是，TAM 问卷的中位数和模式对于医疗保健专业人员为 7（非常有可能），对于心理学学生为 6（相当有可能）（对于两个构念：感知有用性和感知易用性）。对每个构念进行了单样本 Wilcoxon 符号秩检验以确认中位数的显著性。
从设计 Alzheed 的经验中可以得出结论，与医疗保健专业人员共同设计（i）促进了小组认可，从而防止了对变革的抵制，（ii）有助于满足医疗保健专业人员和患者的需求，保证了应用程序的有用性。此外，让参与和不参与应用程序设计过程的用户评估移动医疗保健应用程序有助于提高应用程序的易用性。
