Oteng-Frimpong Richard, Dakora Felix D
Department of Crop Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa.
Department of Crop Improvement, CSIR-Savanna Agricultural Research Institute, Tamale, Ghana.
Front Plant Sci. 2019 Sep 12;10:1070. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01070. eCollection 2019.
Groundnut production constitutes an integral part of the livelihoods of the people in the Guinea savanna of West Africa. This region accounts for over 70% of the total groundnut production in Ghana, 90% in Nigeria, and 100% in Mali and Burkina Faso. However, harsh environmental conditions often result in drastic yield reductions. In this study, we identified groundnut genotypes with superior symbiotic efficiency, greater pod yield, and plant water-use efficiency from 21 advanced groundnut breeding lines from ICRISAT after testing them at three locations in the Guinea savanna of Ghana over two consecutive years. Average N contribution by the groundnut genotypes ranged from 48 to 108 kg N ha, and mean pod yield from 580 to 2,100 kg ha. Genotype 17 (ICGV-IS 08837) produced about 2.5-fold more pods than genotype 1 (Chinese), which was the most widely cultivated variety by farmers. Of the 21 genotypes studied, genotype 16 (ICGV 99247) recorded the highest shoot δC value and was superior in water-use efficiency, which was consistent with stability estimates and mean performance. We also measured the effects of G × E on pod yield, N fixation, shoot δC, and mega-environments for testing groundnut in the Guinea savanna, and these were all significant, although the effect was minimal on shoot δC values. Of the locations studied, Nyankpala and Damongo were more discriminating, and each constituted a mega-environment for conducting future groundnut trials in the Guinea savanna. Genotype 3 (ICG 6222) emerged as the best cultivar for the Damongo mega-environment, while genotype 17 was the best genotype for the Nyankpala mega-environment. The genotypes exhibiting the highest sensitivity of N fixation in the environment included genotype 3 (ICG 6222), genotype 4 (ICGV 00068), and genotype 10 (ICGV 03315) ( > 1.3), while estimates ranked genotypes 3, 10, and 17 as the best groundnut cultivars in terms of symbiotic N contribution. Based on the results of this study, genotype 17 (ICGV-IS 08837), genotype 3 (ICG 6222), genotype 10 (ICGV 03315), and genotype 4 (ICGV 00068), which were the most outstanding in terms of the overall pod yield, shoot biomass production, and amount of N-fixed, were the most suitable candidates to recommend for use in developing new varieties for the Guinea savanna of Ghana. Genotype 17 (ICGV-IS 08837) has already been released as a commercial variety for the Guinea savanna of Ghana since October 2018.
花生生产是西非几内亚稀树草原地区人民生计的重要组成部分。该地区的花生产量占加纳全国总产量的70%以上，尼日利亚的90%，马里和布基纳法索的100%。然而，恶劣的环境条件常常导致产量大幅下降。在本研究中，我们对国际半干旱热带作物研究所（ICRISAT）的21个先进花生育种品系在加纳几内亚稀树草原的三个地点连续两年进行测试后，鉴定出共生效率高、荚果产量高和植物水分利用效率高的花生基因型。花生基因型的平均固氮量在48至108公斤氮/公顷之间，平均荚果产量在580至2100公斤/公顷之间。基因型17（ICGV - IS 08837）的荚果产量比基因型1（中国品种）高出约2.5倍，而基因型1是农民种植最广泛的品种。在所研究的2个基因型中，基因型16（ICGV 99247）的地上部δC值最高，水分利用效率也最高，这与稳定性估计和平均表现一致。我们还测量了基因型与环境互作对荚果产量、固氮、地上部δC的影响，以及几内亚稀树草原花生测试的大环境，这些影响均具有显著性，尽管对地上部δC值的影响最小。在所研究的地点中，扬帕拉和达蒙戈的鉴别力更强，各自构成了几内亚稀树草原未来花生试验的一个大环境。基因型3（ICG 6222）是达蒙戈大环境下的最佳品种，而基因型17是扬帕拉大环境下的最佳基因型。在环境中表现出最高固氮敏感性的基因型包括基因型3（ICG 6222）、基因型4（ICGV 00068）和基因型10（ICGV 03315）（>1.3），而根据共生固氮贡献估计，基因型3、10和17被列为最佳花生品种。基于本研究结果，基因型17（ICGV - IS 08837）、基因型3（ICG 6222）、基因型10（ICGV 03315）和基因型4（ICGV 00068）在总体荚果产量、地上部生物量生产和固氮量方面表现最为突出，是为加纳几内亚稀树草原开发新品种推荐使用的最合适候选品种。基因型17（ICGV - IS 08837）自2018年10月起已作为加纳几内亚稀树草原的商业品种发布。
