Clinical Nutrition, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
Genomic Research Laboratory, Service of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2019 Sep 12;9:305. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00305. eCollection 2019.
Cachexia occurs in many chronic diseases and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. It is treated by nutritional support but often with limited effectiveness, leading to the search of other therapeutic strategies. The modulation of gut microbiota, whether through pro-, pre-, syn- or antibiotics or fecal transplantation, is attracting ever-growing interest in the field of obesity, but could also be an interesting and innovative alternative for treating cachexia. This article reviews the evidence linking the features of malnutrition, as defined by the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition [low body mass index (BMI), unintentional body weight loss, low muscle mass, low appetite, and systemic inflammation] and the gut microbiota in human adults with cachexia-associated diseases, and shows the limitations of the present research in that field with suggestions for future directions.
恶病质发生于许多慢性疾病中，并与发病率和死亡率的增加相关。它可以通过营养支持来治疗，但往往效果有限，因此需要寻找其他治疗策略。肠道微生物群的调节，无论是通过益生菌、预生物、共生体还是抗生素或粪便移植，在肥胖领域越来越受到关注，但对于治疗恶病质也可能是一种有趣且具有创新性的选择。本文综述了将营养不良的特征（由全球营养不良领导倡议定义，包括低体重指数（BMI）、非故意体重减轻、低肌肉量、低食欲和全身炎症）与伴有恶病质相关疾病的成人肠道微生物群联系起来的证据，并展示了该领域现有研究的局限性，同时提出了未来的研究方向。
