Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA.
Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo Innovation Center, Moscow 143026, Russia.
Phys Rev Lett. 2019 Sep 13;123(11):111602. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.123.111602.
Infinite-dimensional conformal symmetry in two dimensions leads to integrability of 2D conformal field theories (CFTs) by giving rise to an infinite tower of local conserved quantum Korteweg-de Vries (qKdV) charges in involution. We discuss how the presence of conserved charges constrains equilibration in 2D CFTs. We propose that in the thermodynamic limit large central charge 2D CFTs satisfy generalized eigenstate thermalization, with the values of qKdV charges forming a complete set of thermodynamically relevant quantities, which unambiguously determine expectation values of all local observables from the vacuum family. Equivalence of ensembles further provides that local properties of an eigenstate can be described by the generalized Gibbs ensemble that includes only qKdV charges. In the case of a general initial state, upon equilibration, the emerging generalized Gibbs ensemble will necessarily include negative chemical potentials and holographically will be described by a quasiclassical black hole with quantum soft hair.
二维无穷维共形对称性通过产生无穷多的局部守恒量子 Korteweg-de Vries(qKdV)荷而使二维共形场论(CFT)可积。我们讨论了守恒荷的存在如何约束二维 CFT 中的平衡。我们提出,在大中心电荷 2D CFT 的热力学极限下,满足广义本征态热化,qKdV 荷的值形成一组完整的热力学相关量,这些量可以从真空族中明确确定所有局域可观测量的期望值。系综等价性进一步表明,本征态的局域性质可以用仅包含 qKdV 荷的广义吉布斯系综来描述。对于一般的初始状态,在平衡后,新兴的广义吉布斯系综将不可避免地包含负化学势,并在全息上由具有量子软毛的准经典黑洞来描述。