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急性和慢性热应激对产蛋鸡性能、蛋品质、体温和血液气体参数的影响。

Effects of acute and chronic heat stress on the performance, egg quality, body temperature, and blood gas parameters of laying hens.

机构信息

Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg 24061.

Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011.

出版信息

Poult Sci. 2019 Dec 1;98(12):6684-6692. doi: 10.3382/ps/pez541.

Abstract

The goal of this experiment was to measure the physiological response of individual laying hens exposed to heat stress (HS). Performance, egg quality, body temperature (BT), and blood chemistry of laying hens were individually recorded before and after various intervals of daily cyclic HS. In total, 407 18-week-old W-36 parent-line laying hens (Hy-Line International, Dallas Center, IA) were housed individually in battery cages. After an acclimation period, baseline data were collected from 22 to 24-wk before the hens were subjected to a daily cyclic HS consisting of 7 h at 35°C returning to 30°C for the remaining 17 h/D from 24 to 28-wk of age. Eggs were collected and individually weighed daily. Feed intake (FI), egg production (EP), egg weights, egg mass, BW, and feed efficiency (FE) (g egg/kg FI) were calculated over 2-wk time periods. Eggs were collected for quality assessment the day before HS began, the 2nd day of HS, and on a weekly basis throughout the 4-wk HS. Blood was collected and BT measured the day before heat HS was initiated, on the first day of HS, and again at 2 and 4-wk of HS. Blood PCO2 and iCa decreased, and blood pH increased within 4 to 6 h of HS (P ≤ 0.01). Shell weights decreased with acute HS, possibly due to the reduction in blood iCa (P ≤ 0.01). After 4-wk of HS the blood pH returned to pre-HS levels but iCa remained decreased (P ≤ 0.01). Shell weights remained low and Haugh units decreased after 2 and 4-wk of HS (P ≤ 0.01). Feed efficiency was increased and FI, EP, and BW decreased by 2-wk of HS and remained low through 4-wk (P ≤ 0.01). The cyclic HS had a significant effect on the performance, egg quality, and blood chemistry over the 4-wk HS.

摘要

本实验旨在测量处于热应激(HS)下的个体产蛋母鸡的生理反应。在每日周期性 HS 前后的不同时间段,分别记录产蛋母鸡的性能、蛋品质、体温(BT)和血液化学特性。总共使用了 407 只 18 周龄的 W-36 祖代产蛋母鸡(Hy-Line International,达拉斯中心,IA),采用单独的笼养方式饲养。在适应期后,在母鸡 22-24 周龄时采集基线数据,然后让母鸡在 24-28 周龄时每天经历 7 小时 35°C 和 17 小时 30°C 的周期性 HS。每天收集鸡蛋并单独称重。在 2 周时间段内,计算采食量(FI)、产蛋率(EP)、蛋重、蛋重、BW 和饲料效率(FE)(g 蛋/kg FI)。在开始 HS 前一天、HS 的第二天以及整个 4 周 HS 期间每周收集鸡蛋进行品质评估。在开始 HS 前一天、HS 的第一天以及 HS 开始后的 2 周和 4 周时采集血液并测量 BT。HS 后 4 至 6 小时内,血液 PCO2 和 iCa 降低,血液 pH 值升高(P ≤ 0.01)。蛋壳重量随急性 HS 而降低,可能是由于血液 iCa 减少所致(P ≤ 0.01)。4 周 HS 后,血液 pH 值恢复到 HS 前水平,但 iCa 仍未恢复(P ≤ 0.01)。HS 后 2 周和 4 周时,蛋壳重量仍然较低,Haugh 单位降低(P ≤ 0.01)。2 周 HS 后,饲料效率提高,FI、EP 和 BW 降低,并持续到 4 周(P ≤ 0.01)。周期性 HS 对 4 周 HS 期间的性能、蛋品质和血液化学特性有显著影响。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/9e52/8914008/11e9e1cf0218/gr1.jpg

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