Hernández-Coronado Ana Cecilia, Cervantes Miguel, González Fernanda, Valle Alan, Arce Nestor, Vásquez Nydia, Bernal Hugo, Morales Adriana
Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali, B.C, México.
Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, N.L, México.
Trop Anim Health Prod. 2025 May 30;57(5):235. doi: 10.1007/s11250-025-04488-3.
Heat stress (HS) impacts performance and intestinal homeostasis of broiler chickens. Probiotic represents an alternative to counteract those negative effects. This study evaluated the performance and intestinal integrity of HS chickens supplemented with a B. subtilis based probiotic in two 35-d periods. Period 1 was conducted under thermoneutral conditions (TN; 25.7 ± 1.7 °C) using 150 one-day old chickens (Ross-308) randomly assigned to two dietary treatments: TN birds fed a standard diet without (TN-S) or added with 0.05% probiotic (TN-P). Period 2 was conducted under HS (29.3 ± 2.6 °C) with 120 one-day old chickens fed the standard diet without (HS-S) or with 0.05% probiotic (HS-P). On day 35, ten birds per treatment were sacrificed and jejunum was collected. HS and probiotic supplementation reduced feed intake from d-1 to d-35 (P < 0.01). Feed conversion from day 1 to 21 was better in HS compared to TN chickens, but the opposite occurred from d-1 to d-35 (P < 0.01). Overall, from d-1 to d-35, body weight and daily gain were lower in HS than TN chickens (P < 0.01), but these variables were higher in HS-P than HS-S chickens (P < 0.05). HS chickens reduced villi height, and crypt depth, and increased villi height:crypt depth ratio compared to TN chickens (P < 0.01), but probiotic supplementation increased them (P < 0.01). Probiotic supplementation increased claudin-5 expression during TN and HS periods (P < 0.05), and TJP-1 during TN period (P < 0.05), but decreased occludin expression during HS (P < 0.05). In general, Bacillus subtilis supplementation positively impacts performance and epithelium integrity of the small intestine of HS broiler chickens.
热应激（HS）会影响肉鸡的生产性能和肠道稳态。益生菌是抵消这些负面影响的一种替代方法。本研究在两个35天的时间段内评估了添加基于枯草芽孢杆菌的益生菌的热应激鸡的生产性能和肠道完整性。第1阶段在热中性条件（TN；25.7±1.7°C）下进行，使用150只1日龄雏鸡（罗斯308），随机分为两种日粮处理：TN组鸡饲喂不添加（TN-S）或添加0.05%益生菌的标准日粮（TN-P）。第2阶段在热应激（29.3±2.6°C）条件下进行，120只1日龄雏鸡饲喂不添加（HS-S）或添加0.05%益生菌的标准日粮（HS-P）。在第35天，每个处理宰杀10只鸡并采集空肠。热应激和添加益生菌降低了第1天至第35天的采食量（P<0.01）。与TN组鸡相比，热应激组鸡从第1天到第21天的饲料转化率更好，但从第1天到第35天则相反（P<0.01）。总体而言，从第1天到第35天，热应激组鸡的体重和日增重低于TN组鸡（P<0.01），但这些变量在HS-P组鸡中高于HS-S组鸡（P<0.05）。与TN组鸡相比，热应激组鸡的绒毛高度降低、隐窝深度增加，绒毛高度与隐窝深度比值升高（P<0.01），但添加益生菌使其增加（P<0.01）。添加益生菌在TN期和热应激期增加了claudin-5的表达（P<0.05），在TN期增加了TJP-1的表达（P<0.05），但在热应激期降低了闭合蛋白的表达（P<0.05）。总体而言，添加枯草芽孢杆菌对热应激肉鸡小肠的生产性能和上皮完整性有积极影响。
