Instituto Nacional de Medicina Tropical, Puerto Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina.
Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Instituto Superior de Entomología, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina.
Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2019 Sep 30;114:e190184. doi: 10.1590/0074-02760190184. eCollection 2019.
American visceral leishmaniasis (AVL) has two main scenarios of transmission as follows: scattered cases in rural areas and urban outbreaks. Urban AVL is in active dispersion from the northeastern border of Argentina-Paraguay-Brazil to the South. The presence of Lutzomyia longipalpis was initially reported in urban environments in the northwestern border of the country. The presence of Lu. longipalpis, environmental variables associated with its distribution, and its genetic diversity were assessed in Salvador Mazza, Argentina, on the border with Bolivia. The genetic analysis showed high haplotype diversity, low nucleotide diversity, and low nucleotide polymorphism index. We discuss the hypothesis of an expanding urban population with introgressive hybridisation of older haplogroups found in their path in natural forest or rural environments, acquiring a new adaptability to urban environments, and the possibility of changes in vector capacity.
美国内脏利什曼病（AVL）有两种主要的传播情况如下：农村地区的散发病例和城市暴发。城市 AVL 正在从阿根廷-巴拉圭-巴西东北部边境向南方积极扩散。最初在该国西北部边境的城市环境中报告了长刺舌蝇的存在。在阿根廷萨尔瓦多·马扎与玻利维亚接壤的边境上，评估了 Lu. longipalpis 的存在、与其分布相关的环境变量及其遗传多样性。遗传分析显示出高单倍型多样性、低核苷酸多样性和低核苷酸多态性指数。我们讨论了一个假设，即随着城市人口的扩张，在自然森林或农村环境中发现的旧单倍型群体的杂交入侵，获得了对城市环境的新适应性，以及改变媒介能力的可能性。
