Purnima Battula, Uloopi K S, Vinay C, Chandrasekhar Rayala, RojaRamya Kakarla Sri
Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Vishnu Dental College, Bhimavaram, Andhra Pradesh, India.
J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent. 2019 Jul-Sep;37(3):232-236. doi: 10.4103/JISPPD.JISPPD_68_19.
Early childhood caries (ECC) and obesity are becoming major public health problems in children. Apart from biological and social risk factors, gratification response, a psychological behavior, may also have a large influence on body mass index (BMI) and occurrence of ECC in preschool children.
The study aimed to ascertain the impact of delayed gratification as a behavioral risk factor for the occurrence of ECC and obesity in preschool children of age 5-6 years.
Comparative cross-sectional study.
Fifty children with ECC (Group I) and 50 caries-free children (Group II) were included to participate in a task similar to the famous Stanford marshmallow experiment to assess their ability to delay gratification. BMI was calculated by obtaining the biometric measures of height and weight. Body weight status was determined using BMI for age percentile growth charts revised by the Indian Academy of Pediatrics, 2015. Children's caries experience and BMI status were associated with their gratification response.
Statistical analysis was performed using Fisher's exact test and Chi-square test.
Higher percentage of children with ECC delayed their gratification (54%) than caries free (40%). Children who exhibited instant gratification (37%) had a higher BMI when compared to those who delayed their gratification (25%).
Children with ECC were more self-controlled, and children with high BMI were more impulsive. Hence, delayed gratification for cariogenic reward is a behavioral risk factor for ECC, whereas instant gratification is an alarming risk factor for higher BMI in preschool children.
幼儿龋齿（ECC）和肥胖正成为儿童主要的公共卫生问题。除了生物和社会风险因素外，满足感反应这一心理行为，可能也会对学龄前儿童的体重指数（BMI）和ECC的发生产生很大影响。
本研究旨在确定延迟满足作为行为风险因素对5至6岁学龄前儿童ECC和肥胖发生的影响。
比较性横断面研究。
纳入50名患有ECC的儿童（第一组）和50名无龋齿儿童（第二组），让他们参与一项类似于著名的斯坦福棉花糖实验的任务，以评估他们延迟满足的能力。通过获取身高和体重的生物测量数据来计算BMI。使用印度儿科学会2015年修订的年龄百分位数生长图表中的BMI来确定体重状况。儿童的龋齿经历和BMI状况与他们的满足感反应相关。
采用Fisher精确检验和卡方检验进行统计分析。
患有ECC的儿童中延迟满足的比例（54%）高于无龋齿儿童（40%）。与延迟满足的儿童（25%）相比，即时满足的儿童（37%）BMI更高。
患有ECC的儿童更有自控力，而BMI高的儿童更冲动。因此，对致龋性奖励的延迟满足是ECC的行为风险因素；而即时满足是学龄前儿童BMI升高的一个警示风险因素。
