Turżańska Karolina, Drelich Małgorzata, Posturzyńska Agnieszka
Katedra i Klinika Rehabilitacji i Ortopedii, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie, Lublin, Polska.
II Zakład Fizjoterapii, Uniwersytet Medyczny W Lublinie, Lublin, Polska.
Wiad Lek. 2019;72(9 cz 1):1660-1666.
There is continuous ageing in world population. Although life expectancy still increases there is no similar trend in maintaining quality of life. The number of disabilities due to age is expected to double in 2060. Muscle mass is one of the most important factors of health and nutrition in old age and it constant loss is characteristic for process of ageing. Muscle mass is controlled by number of different factors. The most important of which is balance between muscle protein synthesis and degradation. Ageing has no influence on muscle protein degradation so for maintaining muscle mass it is better to target muscle protein synthesis. Optimal protein dose in the meal is the minimal amount of protein effecting in maximal anabolic response. Threshold for anabolic response increase with age. This process, named anabolic resistance can be overwhelmed with high amount of protein in diet. Experts in the field of ageing and nutrition recommend 1,2-1,5 g/kg/d protein for the maintaining of muscle mass, 1,2-1,5 g/kg/d for older with additional risk factors, 2,0 g/kg/d for seriously ill and malnourished. Physical training has synergistic influence with diet protein. Physical training improves muscle performance, muscle strength and prevents muscle wasting. Physical training combined with increased amount of protein in diet results with increased muscle mass.
世界人口老龄化持续存在。尽管预期寿命仍在增加，但在维持生活质量方面却没有类似的趋势。预计到2060年，因年龄导致的残疾人数将翻一番。肌肉量是老年健康和营养的最重要因素之一，其持续流失是衰老过程的特征。肌肉量受多种不同因素控制。其中最重要的是肌肉蛋白质合成与降解之间的平衡。衰老对肌肉蛋白质降解没有影响，因此为了维持肌肉量，最好针对肌肉蛋白质合成。膳食中的最佳蛋白质剂量是产生最大合成代谢反应的最小蛋白质量。合成代谢反应的阈值会随着年龄增长而增加。这个过程，即合成代谢抵抗，可以通过饮食中大量的蛋白质来克服。衰老与营养领域的专家建议，为维持肌肉量，蛋白质摄入量为1.2 - 1.5克/千克/天，有额外风险因素的老年人为1.2 - 1.5克/千克/天，重症和营养不良者为2.0克/千克/天。体育锻炼与膳食蛋白质有协同作用。体育锻炼可改善肌肉性能、肌肉力量并防止肌肉萎缩。体育锻炼与饮食中增加的蛋白质量相结合会增加肌肉量。
