J Environ Qual. 2019 Sep;48(5):1534-1542. doi: 10.2134/jeq2018.11.0397.
Calcium superphosphate and apple ( Mill.) waste can be used for controlling N loss and improving compost quality during composting, whereas integrated addition of the two additives on composting process remains unexplored. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the effects of combined use of calcium superphosphate and apple waste on NH and NO emissions and compost quality during pig manure and wheat ( L.) straw composting. Mixtures of pig manure and wheat straw were combined with 6% phosphate fertilizer (PF), 15% apple waste (AW), 3% phosphate fertilizer + 7.5% apple waste (PA1), or 1.8% phosphate fertilizer + 10.5% apple waste (PA2) based on dry weight of the initial mixtures; a treatment with no additives served as a control (CK). The PF treatment took 3 d longer to reach thermophilic phase than the CK, PA1, and PA2 treatments. The treatments of PF and PA1 reduced NH and NO emissions by 67 and 45%, respectively. Moreover, N loss in PF and PA1 treatments (31.8 and 30.1%, respectively) was significantly less than in the CK. A pot experiment showed that application of the compost with PA1 treatment could increase plant height and dried biomass of Chinese pakchoi ( L. ssp.). We recommend adding 3% phosphate fertilizer and 7.5% apple waste to pig manure during composting.
过磷酸钙和苹果（Mill.）废物可用于控制堆肥过程中的氮损失并提高堆肥质量，而两种添加剂在堆肥过程中的综合添加仍未得到探索。因此，本研究旨在研究在猪粪和小麦（L.）秸秆堆肥过程中联合使用过磷酸钙和苹果废物对 NH 和 NO 排放和堆肥质量的影响。将猪粪和小麦秸秆混合物与 6%的磷肥（PF）、15%的苹果废物（AW）、3%的磷肥+7.5%的苹果废物（PA1）或 1.8%的磷肥+10.5%的苹果废物（PA2）混合，基于初始混合物的干重；不添加添加剂的处理作为对照（CK）。PF 处理比 CK、PA1 和 PA2 处理达到高温期需要多 3 天的时间。PF 和 PA1 处理分别减少了 67%和 45%的 NH 和 NO 排放。此外，PF 和 PA1 处理中的氮损失（分别为 31.8%和 30.1%）明显低于 CK。盆栽试验表明，施用 PA1 处理的堆肥可增加小白菜（L. ssp.）的株高和干生物量。我们建议在堆肥过程中向猪粪中添加 3%的磷肥和 7.5%的苹果废物。
