O'Reilly Randall C, Russin Jacob, Herd Seth A
Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States.
Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States.
Handb Clin Neurol. 2019;163:317-332. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-804281-6.00017-3.
Computational models of frontal function have made important contributions to understanding how the frontal lobes support a wide range of important functions, in their interactions with other brain areas including, critically, the basal ganglia (BG). We focus here on the specific case of how different frontal areas support goal-directed, motivated decision-making, by representing three essential types of information: possible plans of action (in more dorsal and lateral frontal areas), affectively significant outcomes of those action plans (in ventral, medial frontal areas including the orbital frontal cortex), and the overall utility of a given plan compared to other possible courses of action (in anterior cingulate cortex). Computational models of goal-directed action selection at multiple different levels of analysis provide insight into the nature of learning and processing in these areas and the relative contributions of the frontal cortex versus the BG. The most common neurologic disorders implicate these areas, and understanding their precise function and modes of dysfunction can contribute to the new field of computational psychiatry, within the broader field of computational neuroscience.
额叶功能的计算模型为理解额叶如何在与包括基底神经节（BG）在内的其他脑区的相互作用中支持广泛的重要功能做出了重要贡献。我们在此关注的具体情况是，不同的额叶区域如何通过表征三种基本类型的信息来支持目标导向的、有动机的决策：可能的行动计划（在更靠背侧和外侧的额叶区域）、这些行动计划的情感上重要的结果（在腹侧、内侧额叶区域，包括眶额皮质），以及与其他可能行动方案相比给定计划的整体效用（在前扣带回皮质）。在多个不同分析层面上的目标导向行动选择的计算模型，为这些区域的学习和处理性质以及额叶皮质与基底神经节的相对贡献提供了见解。最常见的神经系统疾病涉及这些区域，理解它们的精确功能和功能障碍模式有助于在计算神经科学这一更广泛领域内的计算精神病学新领域。
