Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
J Cell Physiol. 2020 Apr;235(4):3222-3234. doi: 10.1002/jcp.29275. Epub 2019 Oct 10.
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common cancers and the fifth most common reason for cancer deaths in the males. Surgical castration combined with androgen deprivation therapy, antiandrogens, and androgen synthesis inhibitors is the current therapeutic modalities for PCa. These strategies inhibit androgen synthesis or reduce its binding to the androgen receptor (AR) but the development of resistance to these therapies and transient responsiveness are challenging issues in the treatment of this cancer. Deregulation of ARs has a vital role in the initiation and progression of PCa. Also, recent findings imply that micro RNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the evolution of PCa and mediate drug resistance in different cancers. Hence, discovering and targeting miRNAs might represent a novel therapeutic approach. This review paid particular attention to the AR pathway and existing information on the possible roles of miRNAs associated with AR pathway and drug resistance to two second-generation antiandrogens, that is, enzalutamide and abiraterone.
前列腺癌（PCa）是男性中最常见的癌症之一，也是第五大常见的癌症死亡原因。手术去势联合雄激素剥夺治疗、抗雄激素药物和雄激素合成抑制剂是目前治疗 PCa 的方法。这些策略抑制雄激素的合成或减少其与雄激素受体（AR）的结合，但这些治疗方法的耐药性和短暂反应性是治疗这种癌症的挑战。AR 的失调在 PCa 的发生和发展中起着至关重要的作用。此外，最近的研究结果表明，微小 RNA（miRNA）参与了 PCa 的演变，并在不同癌症中介导耐药性。因此，发现和靶向 miRNA 可能代表一种新的治疗方法。本综述特别关注 AR 通路，并就 AR 通路相关 miRNA 的可能作用以及对两种第二代抗雄激素药物（即恩扎鲁胺和阿比特龙）的耐药性方面的现有信息进行了综述。
