阿根廷、智利和乌拉圭中学生非医疗处方镇静剂和兴奋剂使用趋势的性别差异。
Sex differences in nonmedical prescription tranquilizer and stimulant use trends among secondary school students in Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay.
机构信息
Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, 722 W 168th St, New York, NY, 10032, USA; Université Paris Descartes UMR1153, Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu, 1 Place du Parvis Notre-Dame, Paris, 75004, France.
Center for Opioid Epidemiology and Policy, Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, 180 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA; Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, 180 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
出版信息
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2019 Dec 1;205:107607. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.107607. Epub 2019 Oct 4.
BACKGROUND
Little is known about recent nonmedical prescription tranquilizer and stimulant use trends in Latin America. We tested whether recent trends among students in three South American countries differed by sex over time.
METHODS
Three countries independently collected National School Students Survey on Drugs. Students in 8th, 10th, and 12th grades were sampled in Argentina (2007-2014, N = 328,202), Chile (2007-2015, N = 136,379), and Uruguay (2007-2016, N = 32,371). Weighted linear regression models predicted the prevalences and trends over time of past-year nonmedical tranquilizer and stimulant use by country, and tested whether trends differed by sex, adjusting for school type and grade.
RESULTS
In Argentina from 2007 to 2014, past-year nonmedical prescription tranquilizer (girls: 2.8 to 2.6%, boys: 2.5 to 2.3%) and stimulant (girls: 1.7 to 1.3%, boys: 1.9 to 1.5%) use trends did not differ by sex. In Chile from 2007 to 2015, nonmedical prescription tranquilizer use trends significantly differed comparing girls (3.9 to 10%) with boys (3.2 to 6.9%); stimulant use trends did not differ comparing girls (1.6 to 2.0%) with boys (2.0 to 1.3%). In Uruguay from 2007 to 2014 and 2014-2016, past-year nonmedical prescription tranquilizer (girls: 5.1 to 6.6%; boys: 2.8 to 4.2%) and stimulant (girls: 1.8 to 0.7%; boys: 1.8 to 0.7%) use trends did not differ by sex.
CONCLUSIONS
Trends of nonmedical prescription tranquilizer use recently increased in Chile and Uruguay, widening by sex over time in Chile only. The drivers of increasing tranquilizer use among girls in Chile and Uruguay merit further investigation.
背景
人们对拉丁美洲近期非医疗处方镇静剂和兴奋剂使用趋势知之甚少。我们检验了在过去几年中，三个南美国家的学生是否存在性别差异。
方法
三个国家分别开展了全国学生毒品调查。在阿根廷（2007-2014 年，n=328202）、智利（2007-2015 年，n=136379）和乌拉圭（2007-2016 年，n=32371），分别对 8 年级、10 年级和 12 年级的学生进行抽样。采用加权线性回归模型预测过去一年非医疗处方镇静剂和兴奋剂的使用情况，检验不同国家的使用趋势是否存在性别差异，并根据学校类型和年级进行调整。
结果
在 2007 年至 2014 年的阿根廷，过去一年非医疗处方镇静剂（女生：2.8%至 2.6%，男生：2.5%至 2.3%）和兴奋剂（女生：1.7%至 1.3%，男生：1.9%至 1.5%）的使用趋势在性别间无差异。在 2007 年至 2015 年的智利，非医疗处方镇静剂的使用趋势在女生（3.9%至 10%）和男生（3.2%至 6.9%）之间存在显著差异；兴奋剂的使用趋势在女生（1.6%至 2.0%）和男生（2.0%至 1.3%）之间无差异。在 2007 年至 2014 年和 2014 年至 2016 年的乌拉圭，过去一年非医疗处方镇静剂（女生：5.1%至 6.6%；男生：2.8%至 4.2%）和兴奋剂（女生：1.8%至 0.7%；男生：1.8%至 0.7%）的使用趋势在性别间无差异。
结论
智利和乌拉圭近期非医疗处方镇静剂使用趋势上升，智利仅在性别间出现扩大。智利和乌拉圭女生镇静剂使用增加的原因值得进一步调查。
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