RATIONALE

Intestinal Behçet's disease (BD) is characterized by intestinal ulcerations and gastrointestinal symptoms. Ulcerative intestinal tuberculosis (TB) is usually with dyspepsia, abdominal pain, vomiting, and weight loss. The 2 diseases exhibit similar clinical manifestations, but the most critical aspects of their clinical courses and required treatments are not at all similar.

PATIENT CONCERNS

We present a case in which a patient with intestinal Behçet's disease developed a de novo ulcerative intestinal TB infection after the start of anti-tumor necrosis factor-α treatment. This was despite histopathologic examination without caseous necrosis granuloma and negative for acid-fast staining and latent TB screen.

DIAGNOSES

Intestinal Behçet's disease and intestinal TB.

INTERVENTIONS

The patient was treated with quadruple antituberculous chemotherapy, comprising rifapentine, isoniazid, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide.

OUTCOMES

At follow-up about 3 months, the therapy of oral antituberculous drugs and thalidomide was continued and the patient's condition had stabilized.

LESSONS

This case illustrates the importance of closely monitoring patients who are on infliximab for possible onset of TB, even without abdominal symptoms, and with negative screening results for latent TB.