Division of Nanophotonics, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China.
Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
Nat Commun. 2019 Oct 25;10(1):4891. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-12797-z.
Strong-field photoemission produces attosecond (10 s) electron pulses that are synchronized to the waveform of the incident light. This nonlinear photoemission lies at the heart of current attosecond technologies. Here we report a new nonlinear photoemission behaviour-the nonlinearity in strong-field regime sharply increases (approaching 40th power-law scaling), making use of sub-nanometric carbon nanotubes and 800 nm pulses. As a result, the carrier-envelope phase sensitive photoemission current shows a greatly improved modulation depth of up to 100% (with a total modulation current up to 2 nA). The calculations reveal that the behaviour is an interplay of valence band optical-field emission with charge interaction, and the nonlinear dynamics can be tunable by changing the bandgap of carbon nanotubes. The extreme nonlinear photoemission offers a new means of producing extreme temporal-spatial resolved electron pulses, and provides a new design philosophy for attosecond electronics and photonics.
强场光发射产生阿秒（10-18 秒）电子脉冲，这些电子脉冲与入射光的波形同步。这种非线性光发射是当前阿秒技术的核心。在这里，我们报告了一种新的非线性光发射行为——在强场 regime 中，非线性急剧增加（接近 40 次幂律缩放），利用亚纳米级碳纳米管和 800nm 脉冲实现。结果，载流子包络相位敏感光发射电流显示出高达 100%的调制深度（总调制电流高达 2nA）。计算表明，这种行为是价带光场发射与电荷相互作用的相互作用，通过改变碳纳米管的能带隙可以调节非线性动力学。这种极端的非线性光发射为产生极端时空分辨电子脉冲提供了一种新的手段，并为阿秒电子学和光子学提供了一种新的设计理念。
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