Farhat Ahmed, Jones Ian A, Saadat Soheil, Dornhofer Kyle, Kong Christina, Nguyen Thalia, Lahham Shadi, Fox John C
Clin Nephrol. 2020 Jan;93(1):9-16. doi: 10.5414/CN109854.
Ultrasound is considered a preferred first-line imaging technique for the assessment of kidney function. The potential relationship between tobacco smoke exposure and ultrasound-measured renal characteristics has yet to be explored. We hypothesized that exposure to tobacco smoke would be associated with reduced kidney dimensions.
This was a cross-sectional study that included all individuals over age 18 at a single site in Mojokerto, Indonesia. A questionnaire was used to assess prior history and environmental exposure, and blinded evaluators performed ultrasound assessments. Six kidney parameters (length, width, and parenchymal thickness of each kidney) were considered as dependent variables, and statistical relationships were assessed using multivariate analysis. Echogenicity was evaluated using a 5-point grading scale described previously.
Of the 445 participants assessed, a total of 138 male and 269 female subjects were included in the final analysis. There was a statistically significant association between kidney measures and the following independent variables: pack years smoking (p < 0.001), height (p < 0.001), weight (p < 0.001), and beginning to smoke at the age of 25 or younger (p < 0.001). There was not a statistically significant association between kidney measures and hypertension (p > 0.05) or diabetes (p > 0.05). Echogenicity was similar among all smoking groups.
Kidney dimensions were decreased in individuals with increased smoking history. This association is notable, particularly given that statistically significant associations were not observed between renal dimensions and hypertension or diabetes. The null findings using echogenicity are consistent with previous studies.
超声被认为是评估肾功能的首选一线成像技术。烟草烟雾暴露与超声测量的肾脏特征之间的潜在关系尚未得到探索。我们假设接触烟草烟雾会与肾脏尺寸减小有关。
这是一项横断面研究，纳入了印度尼西亚莫佐克托一个地点所有18岁以上的个体。使用问卷评估既往病史和环境暴露情况，由不知情的评估人员进行超声评估。将六个肾脏参数（每个肾脏的长度、宽度和实质厚度）作为因变量，并使用多变量分析评估统计关系。使用先前描述的5分分级量表评估回声性。
在评估的445名参与者中，最终分析纳入了138名男性和269名女性受试者。肾脏测量值与以下自变量之间存在统计学显著关联：吸烟包年数（p < 0.001）、身高（p < 0.001）、体重（p < 0.001）以及25岁或更年轻时开始吸烟（p < 0.001）。肾脏测量值与高血压（p > 0.05）或糖尿病（p > 0.05）之间不存在统计学显著关联。所有吸烟组的回声性相似。
吸烟史增加的个体肾脏尺寸减小。这种关联值得注意，特别是考虑到在肾脏尺寸与高血压或糖尿病之间未观察到统计学显著关联。使用回声性的阴性结果与先前的研究一致。
