Artese Ashley, Stamford Bryant A, Moffatt Robert J
Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, College of Human Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida (AA, RJM).
Department of Kinesiology and Integrative Physiology, Hanover College, Hanover, Indiana (BAS).
Am J Lifestyle Med. 2017 Aug 23;13(6):602-605. doi: 10.1177/1559827617726516. eCollection 2019 Nov-Dec.
Insulin resistance is a condition characterized by decreased sensitivity of a skeletal or adipose cell to insulin, resulting in decreased glucose uptake by the cell. This can lead to hyperinsulinemia and further reduce insulin sensitivity. Insulin resistance is one of the primary factors contributing to metabolic syndrome (MetS), causing elevated glucose and fatty acid concentrations in the blood. Smoking is associated with insulin resistance in a dose-dependent manner. It directly increases the risk for insulin resistance, mainly via hormone activation, and may indirectly cause insulin resistance due to its effects on abdominal obesity. Nicotine may be the factor underlying these potential mechanisms. With the prevalence of prediabetes and diabetes on the rise, and considering the role of smoking and its relationship to insulin resistance, smoking reduction or cessation may be a viable option for those who are at risk or already identified as insulin resistant. Therefore, smoking cessation or reduction would serve as a beneficial component in any diabetes prevention or treatment plan.
胰岛素抵抗是一种以骨骼肌或脂肪细胞对胰岛素敏感性降低为特征的病症，导致细胞对葡萄糖的摄取减少。这会导致高胰岛素血症并进一步降低胰岛素敏感性。胰岛素抵抗是导致代谢综合征（MetS）的主要因素之一，会使血液中的葡萄糖和脂肪酸浓度升高。吸烟与胰岛素抵抗呈剂量依赖性相关。它直接增加胰岛素抵抗的风险，主要通过激素激活，并且由于其对腹部肥胖的影响可能间接导致胰岛素抵抗。尼古丁可能是这些潜在机制的 underlying 因素。随着糖尿病前期和糖尿病的患病率上升，考虑到吸烟的作用及其与胰岛素抵抗的关系，对于有风险或已被确定为胰岛素抵抗的人来说，减少吸烟或戒烟可能是一个可行的选择。因此，戒烟或减少吸烟将成为任何糖尿病预防或治疗计划中的有益组成部分。
