Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Biologie/Vergleichende Zoologie, Philippstr. 13, 10115 Berlin, Germany.
Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Biologie/Vergleichende Zoologie, Philippstr. 13, 10115 Berlin, Germany.
Arthropod Struct Dev. 2019 Nov;53:100886. doi: 10.1016/j.asd.2019.100886. Epub 2019 Oct 30.
Crustaceans detect chemical stimuli in the environment with aesthetasc sensilla, which are located on their 1 antennae. With the transition to other environments, chemoreception faces physical challenges. To provide a deeper understanding of the relation between the morphology of olfactory organs and different lifestyles, we studied the peripheral olfactory system of three amphipod species, the marine Gammarus salinus, the blind subterranean freshwater species Niphargus puteanus, and the terrestrial Cryptorchestia garbinii. We compared the 1 and 2 antennae of these species with respect to length and presence of aesthetascs and other sensilla. The females of N. puteanus reveal the longest 1 antennae in relation to body size. G. salinus shows the largest aesthetascs and the same relative length of the 1 antennae as male N. puteanus. C. garbinii has very short 1 antennae and reduced (putative) aesthetascs. Our findings show that the compensation of vision loss by olfaction cannot be generally assumed in animals from dark environments. Furthermore, the behaviour of C. garbinii indicates a chemosensory ability, despite the reduction of the 1 antennae. A comparison with other terrestrial crustaceans suggests that the loss of the olfactory sense on the 1 antennae in C. garbinii might be compensated with chemoreception by the 2 antennae.
甲壳动物通过位于其 1 对触角上的感觉毛来感知环境中的化学刺激。随着向其他环境的过渡，化学感受面临着物理挑战。为了更深入地了解嗅觉器官的形态与不同生活方式之间的关系，我们研究了三种端足目甲壳动物的外周嗅觉系统，即海洋十足目卤虫、盲地下淡水种 Niphargus puteanus 和陆生 Cryptorchestia garbinii。我们比较了这些物种的 1 对和 2 对触角的长度和感觉毛及其他感觉器的存在情况。N. puteanus 雌性的 1 对触角在与身体大小的关系上最长。G. salinus 具有最大的感觉毛和与雄性 N. puteanus 相同的 1 对触角相对长度。C. garbinii 的 1 对触角非常短，且感觉毛减少（假定）。我们的研究结果表明，在黑暗环境中的动物中，嗅觉对视觉丧失的补偿不能一概而论。此外，C. garbinii 的行为表明它具有化学感受能力，尽管 1 对触角减少。与其他陆生甲壳动物的比较表明，C. garbinii 的 1 对触角嗅觉丧失可能通过 2 对触角的化学感受得到补偿。
