College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China; Beijing Research Center for Agriculture Standards and Testing, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Beijing, 100097, China.
Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2020 Jan 15;187:109859. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109859. Epub 2019 Oct 31.
Chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora) flowers are consumed as a popular, traditional herbal tea worldwide. During tea infusion with hot water pesticide residues in chrysanthemum flowers can be transferred into tea solution, posing potential health risks to consumers. Using greenhouse chrysanthemum this study systematically investigated the transfer of metalaxyl-M, fludioxonil, cyantraniliprole, thiamethoxam, and clothianidin (a major metabolite of thiamethoxam) from dry chrysanthemum flowers to tea solution at a range of infusion repetitions, duration and water temperature. The tested pesticides were released into tea solution at varying degrees, and the maximum transfer percentage was 59.9%, 9.8%, 29.4%, 88.2% and 68.4% for metalaxyl-M, fludioxonil, cyantraniliprole, thiamethoxam, and clothianidin, respectively. The transfer of pesticides into tea solution generally increased with increasing pesticide water solubility, water temperature, infusion duration, and pesticide concentrations in dry chrysanthemum flowers, but decreased with increasing octanol-water partition coefficient and the number of infusion repetitions. Risk quotient for pesticide intake via consuming tea solution of chrysanthemum flowers (one and two times of recommended pesticide dosages) ranged from <0.00003 to 0.0924, indicating a low health risk. This study provides useful information for risk assessment of pesticide residues in greenhouse chrysanthemum flowers and may help establish realistic maximum residue limit of pesticides in chrysanthemum flowers and tea solution.
菊花（Dendranthema grandiflora）花作为一种受欢迎的传统草本茶在全球范围内被消费。在热水冲泡茶的过程中，菊花中的农药残留可能会转移到茶溶液中，对消费者构成潜在的健康风险。本研究采用温室菊花，系统研究了金属axyl-M、氟啶酮、虫螨腈、噻虫嗪和噻虫胺（噻虫嗪的主要代谢物）在不同的冲泡次数、时间和水温下，从干菊花转移到茶溶液中的情况。结果表明，这些测试农药在不同程度上被释放到茶溶液中，金属axyl-M、氟啶酮、虫螨腈、噻虫嗪和噻虫胺的最大转移百分比分别为 59.9%、9.8%、29.4%、88.2%和 68.4%。农药向茶溶液中的转移一般随着农药水溶性、水温、冲泡时间和干菊花中农药浓度的增加而增加，但随着辛醇-水分配系数和冲泡次数的增加而减少。通过饮用菊花茶（推荐农药用量的 1 倍和 2 倍）摄入农药的风险商数范围从<0.00003 到 0.0924，表明健康风险较低。本研究为温室菊花中农药残留的风险评估提供了有用的信息，并有助于制定菊花和茶溶液中农药残留的现实最大残留限量。
