Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hadassah Mount Scopus - Hebrew University Medical Center Jerusalem, PO Box 24035, Mt Scopus, Jerusalem 91240, Israel.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Centers, PO Box 24035, Mt Scopus, Jerusalem 91240, Israel; Obstetrics and Gynecology Ultrasound Unit, Jerusalem, Israel.
Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. 2019 Dec;46(4):715-732. doi: 10.1016/j.ogc.2019.07.006.
Obstetric anal sphincter injury (OASI) and levator ani muscle (LAM) trauma are common disorders in parous women. Four sonographic signs have been published in cases of OASI: external or internal anal sphincter discontinuity; thickening of external anal sphincter at the area of repair; thinning of internal anal sphincter in the area of rupture in conjunction with thickening opposite the rupture site ("half-moon" sign); and abnormality of mucous folds ("mucosal star sign"). Levator trauma can be asymptomatic, with abnormality arising years later. Discontinuity of the LAM is the main sonographic sign but may appear as increased hiatal area in severe cases.
产科肛门括约肌损伤（OASI）和肛提肌（LAM）损伤是经产妇常见的疾病。在 OASI 病例中已经发表了四个超声征象：肛门内外括约肌连续性中断；修复区的外括约肌增厚；破裂区的内括约肌变薄，同时破裂部位对面的增厚（“半月”征）；和粘膜皱襞异常（“粘膜星征”）。肛提肌损伤可能无症状，多年后才出现异常。肛提肌的连续性中断是主要的超声征象，但在严重情况下可能表现为高疝面积增加。
