Plataforma INVEST Medicina UANL - KER Unit (KER Unit México), Subdireccion de Investigacion, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, 64460, Mexico.
Knowledge and Evaluation Research Unit in Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
BMJ. 2019 Nov 5;367:l5887. doi: 10.1136/bmj.l5887.
Diabetes is a major and costly health concern worldwide, with high morbidity, disability, mortality, and impaired quality of life. The vast majority of people living with diabetes have type 2 diabetes. Historically, the main strategy to reduce complications of type 2 diabetes has been intensive glycemic control. However, the body of evidence shows no meaningful benefit of intensive (compared with moderate) glycemic control for microvascular and macrovascular outcomes important to patients, with the exception of reduced rates of non-fatal myocardial infarction. Intensive glycemic control does, however, increase the risk of severe hypoglycemia and incurs additional burden by way of polypharmacy, side effects, and cost. Additionally, data from cardiovascular outcomes trials showed that cardiovascular, kidney, and mortality outcomes may be improved with use of specific classes of glucose lowering drugs largely independently of their glycemic effects. Therefore, delivering evidence based, patient centered care to people with type 2 diabetes requires a paradigm shift and departure from the predominantly glucocentric view of diabetes management. Instead of prioritizing intensive glycemic control, the focus needs to be on ensuring access to adequate diabetes care, aligning glycemic targets to patients' goals and situations, minimizing short term and long term complications, reducing the burden of treatment, and improving quality of life.
糖尿病是全球范围内一个主要且代价高昂的健康关注点,具有高发病率、残疾率、死亡率和生活质量受损。绝大多数糖尿病患者患有 2 型糖尿病。从历史上看,降低 2 型糖尿病并发症的主要策略一直是强化血糖控制。然而,证据表明,强化(与中度相比)血糖控制对患者重要的微血管和大血管结局没有明显益处,除了降低非致命性心肌梗死的发生率。强化血糖控制确实会增加严重低血糖的风险,并通过多药物治疗、副作用和成本增加额外负担。此外,来自心血管结局试验的数据表明,使用特定类别的降血糖药物可能会改善心血管、肾脏和死亡率结局,而与血糖效应基本无关。因此,为 2 型糖尿病患者提供基于证据、以患者为中心的护理需要转变观念,不再将糖尿病管理主要基于血糖控制。关注的重点不应是优先强化血糖控制,而是要确保获得足够的糖尿病护理,使血糖目标与患者的目标和情况相匹配,尽量减少短期和长期并发症,减轻治疗负担,并提高生活质量。