Department of Psychology, King Dinuzulu Hospital Complex.
Department of Psychology, University of South Africa.
Am Psychol. 2019 Nov;74(8):954-966. doi: 10.1037/amp0000557.
This article constructs a brief history of how lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex (LGBTI) issues have intersected with South African psychology at key sociopolitical moments, filling a gap in current histories. Organized psychology-a primary focus of this analysis-since its first formations in 1948, mostly colluded with apartheid governments by othering queerness as psychopathology or social deviance. The National Party, both homophobic and racist, ruled the country from 1948 until the first democratic elections in 1994. The acceleration of antiapartheid struggles in the 1980s saw progressive psychologists develop more critical forms of theory and practice. However, LGBTI+ issues remained overshadowed by the primary struggle for racial equality and democracy. Psychology's chameleon-like adaptation to evolving eras resulted in a unified organization when apartheid ended: the Psychological Society of South Africa (PsySSA). Democratic South Africa's Constitution took the bold step of protecting sexuality as a fundamental human right, galvanizing a fresh wave of LGBTI+ scholarship post-1994. However, LGBTI+ people still suffered prejudice, discrimination, and violence. Additionally, psychology training continued to ignore sexual orientation and gender-affirmative health care in curricula. PsySSA therefore joined the International Psychology Network for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender and Intersex Issues (IPsyNet) in 2007, catalyzing the PsySSA African LGBTI+ Human Rights Project in 2012 and two pioneering publications: a position statement on affirmative practice in 2013, and practice guidelines for psychology professionals working with sexually and gender-diverse people in 2017. This article traces a neglected history of South African psychology, examining the political, social, and institutional factors that eventually enabled the development of LGBTI+ affirmative psychologies. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
本文构建了一个简要的历史，说明在关键的社会政治时刻，LGBTI 问题如何与南非心理学交叉，并填补了当前历史的空白。组织心理学是本文分析的主要焦点，自 1948 年首次形成以来，它主要通过将同性恋、双性恋、跨性别和双性别者（LGBTI）的特殊性视为精神病理学或社会偏差来与种族隔离政府勾结。种族隔离政府是由国家党于 1948 年至 1994 年首次民主选举期间统治国家的，他们是一个既恐同又有种族主义的政党。20 世纪 80 年代反种族隔离斗争的加速使进步心理学家发展出更具批判性的理论和实践形式。然而，LGBTI+问题仍然被争取种族平等和民主的主要斗争所掩盖。心理学像变色龙一样适应不断变化的时代，在种族隔离结束时导致了一个统一的组织：南非心理学协会（PsySSA）。南非民主宪法采取了大胆的步骤，将性取向作为一项基本人权加以保护，这为 1994 年后的 LGBTI+奖学金掀起了新的浪潮。然而，LGBTI+人群仍然遭受偏见、歧视和暴力。此外，心理学培训在课程中仍然忽视性取向和性别肯定的保健。因此，PsySSA 于 2007 年加入了国际心理学网络，用于解决男女同性恋、双性恋、跨性别和双性别问题（IPsyNet），这促成了 PsySSA 非洲 LGBTI+人权项目在 2012 年和两个开创性出版物的成立：2013 年关于肯定实践的立场声明，以及 2017 年为从事性和性别多样化人群工作的心理学专业人员制定的实践准则。本文追溯了南非心理学被忽视的历史，考察了最终使 LGBTI+肯定心理学得以发展的政治、社会和制度因素。（PsycINFO 数据库记录（c）2019 APA，保留所有权利）。
