Livingston Erin T, Mursalin Md Huzzatul, Callegan Michelle C
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
Department of Ophthalmology, Dean McGee Eye Institute, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
Microorganisms. 2019 Nov 7;7(11):537. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms7110537.
Some tissues of the eye are susceptible to damage due to their exposure to the outside environment and inability to regenerate. Immune privilege, although beneficial to the eye in terms of homeostasis and protection, can be harmful when breached or when an aberrant response occurs in the face of challenge. In this review, we highlight the role of the PMN (polymorphonuclear leukocyte) in different bacterial ocular infections that invade the immune privileged eye at the anterior and posterior segments: keratitis, conjunctivitis, uveitis, and endophthalmitis. Interestingly, the PMN response from the host seems to be necessary for pathogen clearance in ocular disease, but the inflammatory response can also be detrimental to vision retention. This "Pyrrhic Victory" scenario is explored in each type of ocular infection, with details on PMN recruitment and response at the site of ocular infection. In addition, we emphasize the differences in PMN responses between each ocular disease and its most common corresponding bacterial pathogen. The in vitro and animal models used to identify PMN responses, such as recruitment, phagocytosis, degranulation, and NETosis, are also outlined in each ocular infection. This detailed study of the ocular acute immune response to infection could provide novel therapeutic strategies for blinding diseases, provide more general information on ocular PMN responses, and reveal areas of bacterial ocular infection research that lack PMN response studies.
眼睛的一些组织由于暴露于外部环境且无法再生，因而易受损伤。免疫赦免尽管在维持内环境稳定和保护眼睛方面有益，但当被打破或在面对挑战时出现异常反应时，可能会造成损害。在本综述中，我们着重介绍了多形核白细胞（PMN）在不同细菌引起的眼部感染中的作用，这些感染侵袭了眼前段和后段具有免疫赦免的眼睛，包括角膜炎、结膜炎、葡萄膜炎和眼内炎。有趣的是，宿主的PMN反应似乎对于眼部疾病中病原体的清除是必要的，但炎症反应也可能对视力保留有害。我们在每种眼部感染类型中探讨了这种“惨胜”的情况，详细介绍了眼部感染部位PMN的募集和反应。此外，我们强调了每种眼部疾病与其最常见的相应细菌病原体之间PMN反应的差异。在每种眼部感染中还概述了用于识别PMN反应（如募集、吞噬作用、脱颗粒和中性粒细胞胞外陷阱形成）的体外和动物模型。对眼部感染的急性免疫反应进行的这项详细研究可为致盲性疾病提供新的治疗策略，提供有关眼部PMN反应的更全面信息，并揭示缺乏PMN反应研究的细菌性眼部感染研究领域。
