Sharma Amit, Verwilst Peter, Li Mingle, Ma Dandan, Singh Nem, Yoo Jiyoung, Kim Yujin, Yang Ying, Zhu Jing-Hui, Huang Haiqiao, Hu Xi-Le, He Xiao-Peng, Zeng Lintao, James Tony D, Peng Xiaojun, Sessler Jonathan L, Kim Jong Seung
Amity School of Chemical Sciences, Amity University Punjab, Sector 82A, Mohali 140 306, India.
Rega Institute for Medical Research, Medicinal Chemistry, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Box 1041, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
Chem Rev. 2024 Mar 13;124(5):2699-2804. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00778. Epub 2024 Feb 29.
The ability to gain spatiotemporal information, and in some cases achieve spatiotemporal control, in the context of drug delivery makes theranostic fluorescent probes an attractive and intensely investigated research topic. This interest is reflected in the steep rise in publications on the topic that have appeared over the past decade. Theranostic fluorescent probes, in their various incarnations, generally comprise a fluorophore linked to a masked drug, in which the drug is released as the result of certain stimuli, with both intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli being reported. This release is then signaled by the emergence of a fluorescent signal. Importantly, the use of appropriate fluorophores has enabled not only this emerging fluorescence as a spatiotemporal marker for drug delivery but also has provided modalities useful in photodynamic, photothermal, and sonodynamic therapeutic applications. In this review we highlight recent work on theranostic fluorescent probes with a particular focus on probes that are activated in tumor microenvironments. We also summarize efforts to develop probes for other applications, such as neurodegenerative diseases and antibacterials. This review celebrates the diversity of designs reported to date, from discrete small-molecule systems to nanomaterials. Our aim is to provide insights into the potential clinical impact of this still-emerging research direction.
在药物递送的背景下，获取时空信息并在某些情况下实现时空控制的能力，使得诊疗用荧光探针成为一个极具吸引力且受到深入研究的课题。这种兴趣反映在过去十年中关于该主题的出版物数量急剧增加。各种形式的诊疗用荧光探针通常由与掩蔽药物相连的荧光团组成，其中药物在某些刺激下释放，内在和外在刺激均有报道。然后通过荧光信号的出现来表明这种释放。重要的是，使用合适的荧光团不仅使这种新出现的荧光作为药物递送的时空标记，而且还提供了在光动力、光热和声动力治疗应用中有用的方式。在这篇综述中，我们重点介绍了诊疗用荧光探针的最新研究工作，特别关注在肿瘤微环境中被激活的探针。我们还总结了开发用于其他应用（如神经退行性疾病和抗菌）的探针的努力。这篇综述展示了迄今为止报道的从离散小分子系统到纳米材料的各种设计。我们的目的是深入了解这个仍在兴起的研究方向的潜在临床影响。
