Studies on the biosynthesis of bialaphos (SF-1293). 8. Purification and characterization of 2-phosphinomethylmalic acid synthase from Streptomyces hygroscopicus SF-1293.

2-Phosphinomethylmalic acid (PMM) synthase catalyzes the condensation of phosphinopyruvic acid (PPA), an analog of oxalacetic acid, and acetyl-CoA to form PMM. The enzyme was purified approximately 700-fold from a cell-free extract of Streptomyces hygroscopicus SF-1293, a bialaphos producing organism, to an electrophoretically homogeneous state. The purified PMM synthase has a subunit molecular weight of 48,000 by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and a native molecular weight of 90,000 approximately 98,000 by gel filtration. PMM synthase was relatively unstable, showed maximum activity at pH 8.0 and 30 degrees C, and was inhibited strongly by p-chloromercuribenzoate, iodoacetamide and EDTA. Enzyme activity suppressed by EDTA was completely restored by adding Co++ or Mn++ and partially restored by addition of Ca++, Fe++ or Mg++. The specific substrates of this enzyme are PPA or oxalacetic acid in addition to acetyl-CoA. The enzyme does not catalyze the liberation of CoA from acetyl-CoA in the presence of alpha-keto acids, such as pyruvate, alpha-ketoglutarate, deamino-alpha-ketodemethylphosphinothricin or phosphonopyruvate. The condensation reaction did not take place when propionyl-CoA or butyryl-CoA was used as a substrate in place of acetyl-CoA. The Km values of the enzyme were 0.05 mM for acetyl-CoA, 0.39 mM for PPA and 0.13 mM for oxalacetate. PMM synthase is very similar to (R)-citrate synthase of Clostridium in the inhibition pattern by sulfhydryl compounds, its metal ion requirement and stereospecificity; unlike (R)-citrate synthase PMM synthase was not inhibited by oxygen.