Department of Entomology, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, P.O.B 15159, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel.
Department of Entomology, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, P.O.B 15159, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel; Department of Entomology, Robert H Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel.
J Insect Physiol. 2020 Jan;120:103970. doi: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2019.103970. Epub 2019 Nov 5.
Fruit flies in the genus Bactrocera are among the most destructive insect pests of fruits and vegetables throughout the world. A number of studies have identified volatiles from fruit flies, but few reports have demonstrated behavioral effects or sensitivities of fly antennae to these compounds. We applied a recently developed method of automated headspace analysis using SPME (Solid Phase Microextraction) fibers and GC-MS (gas chromatography mass spectrometry), termed SSGA, to reveal volatiles specific to each sex of B. zonata that are emitted in a diel periodicity. The volatiles released primarily at dusk were identified by GC-MS and chemical syntheses as several spiroacetals, pyrazines, and ethyl esters. Solvent extraction of male rectal glands or airborne collections from each sex, followed by GC-MS, showed that certain of the volatiles increase or decrease in quantity sex-specifically with age of the flies. Electroantennographic (EAG) analysis of dose-response indicates differences in sensitivities of male and female antenna to the various volatiles. Our study provides a comprehensive analysis of the volatile chemicals produced and released by B. zonata and their antennal responses. The possible pheromone and semiochemical roles of the various volatiles released by each sex and the difficulties of establishing behavioral functions are discussed.
实蝇属的果实蝇是世界范围内水果和蔬菜最具破坏性的害虫之一。许多研究已经鉴定出了果实蝇的挥发物，但很少有报道表明这些化合物对飞天线的行为效应或敏感性。我们应用了一种最近开发的使用 SPME（固相微萃取）纤维和 GC-MS（气相色谱质谱联用）的自动化顶空分析方法，称为 SSGA，以揭示 B. zonata 每一种性别在昼夜周期性中释放的特定挥发性物质。通过 GC-MS 和化学合成鉴定出，在黄昏时分主要释放的挥发性物质是几种螺缩醛、吡嗪和乙酯。对每只昆虫的雄性直肠腺进行溶剂萃取或空气收集，然后进行 GC-MS 分析，结果表明，某些挥发性物质的数量随昆虫年龄的增长而具有性别特异性的增加或减少。剂量反应的触角电图（EAG）分析表明，雌雄触角对各种挥发性物质的敏感性存在差异。我们的研究提供了对 B. zonata 产生和释放的挥发性化学物质及其触角反应的全面分析。讨论了各种挥发性物质释放的性信息素和半信息素作用以及建立行为功能的困难。
