Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Putnam Hall - South Campus, 101 Nichols Road, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, 546 16th Street, Los Angeles, CA 90402, USA.
Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am. 2020 Jan;29(1):91-102. doi: 10.1016/j.chc.2019.08.011. Epub 2019 Oct 9.
Mood disorders, including major depression and mania, can present with psychotic features. In youth psychotic-like phenomena such as "seeing faces in the dark" or "hearing noises" are fairly common. Rates of lifetime psychotic symptoms are much higher than rates of psychosis during a "current" episode of mania or depression in youth. Psychotic phenomena can be mood congruent or incongruent. A detailed mental status examination and clinical history include questioning to ensure the informants understand the questions being asked. There are interviews that structure how questions are asked, and rating scales that help anchor severity and quality of the mood episode.
心境障碍，包括重度抑郁症和躁狂症，可能会出现精神病特征。在年轻人中，类似精神病的现象如“在黑暗中看到面孔”或“听到声音”相当常见。终生出现精神病症状的比率远高于年轻人在“当前”躁狂或抑郁发作期间出现精神病的比率。精神病现象可以与心境一致或不一致。详细的精神状态检查和临床病史包括询问，以确保信息提供者理解正在提出的问题。有一些访谈结构可以帮助提出问题，还有一些评分量表可以帮助确定心境发作的严重程度和质量。
