School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal, Brazil.
CRV Lagoa, Sertãozinho, Brazil.
J Anim Breed Genet. 2020 May;137(3):263-280. doi: 10.1111/jbg.12454. Epub 2019 Nov 11.
Genetic control of residual variance offers opportunities to increase uniformity and resilience of livestock and aquaculture species. Improving uniformity and resilience of animals will improve health and welfare of animals and lead to more homogenous products. Our aims in this review were to summarize the current models and methods to study genetic control of residual variance, genetic parameters and genomic results for residual variance and discuss future research directions. Typically, the genetic coefficient of variation is high (median = 0.27; range 0-0.86) and the heritability of residual variance is low (median = 0.01; range 0-0.10). Higher heritabilities can be achieved when increasing the number of records per animal. Divergent selection experiments have supported the feasibility of selecting for high or low residual variance. Genomic studies have revealed associations in regions related to stress, including those from the heat shock protein family. Although the number of studies is growing, genetic control of residual variance is still poorly understood, but big data and genomics offer great opportunities.
遗传控制残余方差为提高家畜和水产养殖物种的均一性和弹性提供了机会。提高动物的均一性和弹性将改善动物的健康和福利，并导致更同质的产品。我们在这篇综述中的目的是总结研究遗传控制残余方差、残余方差的遗传参数和基因组结果的当前模型和方法，并讨论未来的研究方向。通常，遗传变异系数较高（中位数=0.27；范围 0-0.86），残余方差的遗传力较低（中位数=0.01；范围 0-0.10）。当每头动物的记录数量增加时，可以获得更高的遗传力。分歧选择实验支持了选择高或低残余方差的可行性。基因组研究揭示了与应激相关的区域的关联，包括热休克蛋白家族的区域。尽管研究数量在不断增加，但对残余方差的遗传控制仍知之甚少，但大数据和基因组学提供了巨大的机会。
