Lock G
Klinik für Innere Medizin, Albertinen-Krankenhaus Hamburg, Süntelstr. 11a, 22457, Hamburg, Deutschland.
Urologe A. 2019 Dec;58(12):1410-1417. doi: 10.1007/s00120-019-01065-z.
Scrotal ultrasound with high-resolution transducers and additional display of vascularisation in colour-coded ultrasonography is the method of choice for the detection and characterisation of testicular tumors. Within the last decade, testicular ultrasonography has been further refined and improved by the possibilities of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS).CEUS may be especially helpful in the assessment of vascularisation disorders (e.g., incomplete torsion, segmental perfusion disorders, abscesses) or testicular foci remaining equivocal even after colour-coded ultrasonography.The basic idea in the application of CEUS in scrotal sonography is the possibility to differentiate between avascular, hypo- and hypervascular findings, with a lack of perfusion generally considered as a sign of benignity. Vice versa, detection of vascularisation speaks for neoplasia but not necessarily for malignity (e.g., Leydig cell tumors). CEUS is especially valuable in the correct classification of small (<1.5 cm) testicular foci.This review summarizes the present knowledge on indications, implications and limitations of the application of CEUS in testicular tumors.
使用高分辨率换能器的阴囊超声检查以及彩色编码超声检查中血管化的额外显示是检测和表征睾丸肿瘤的首选方法。在过去十年中，超声造影（CEUS）的应用使睾丸超声检查得到了进一步完善和改进。CEUS在评估血管化障碍（如不完全扭转、节段性灌注障碍、脓肿）或即使在彩色编码超声检查后仍不明确的睾丸病灶方面可能特别有用。在阴囊超声检查中应用CEUS的基本理念是能够区分无血管、低血管和高血管表现，一般认为缺乏灌注是良性的标志。反之，血管化的检测提示肿瘤形成，但不一定提示恶性（如睾丸间质细胞瘤）。CEUS在正确分类小（<1.5厘米）睾丸病灶方面特别有价值。本综述总结了目前关于CEUS在睾丸肿瘤应用中的适应证、意义和局限性的知识。
