Góis-Marques Carlos A, Jesus José, DE Sequeira Miguel Menezes, Madeira José
Departamento de Geologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa and Instituto Dom Luiz (IDL), Laboratório Associado, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal Madeira Botanical Group (GBM), Faculdade de Ciências da Vida, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9000-390 Funchal, Portugal.
Zootaxa. 2019 May 30;4612(3):zootaxa.4612.3.13. doi: 10.11646/zootaxa.4612.3.13.
In oceanic islands, well age-constrained deposits containing arthropod somatofossils (body fossils) are rare. However, when available, these are important for providing empirical and independent minimum ages for molecular phylogenetic dating and complementary data on taxonomy, evolution and palaeobiogeography information of the biological groups found as fossils. This is especially important for taxa that speciated within oceanic islands, many becoming single island endemics (SIE). Recently, associated with a 1.3 Ma (Calabrian) fluvial and lacustrine sedimentary deposit from Porto da Cruz in Madeira Island (Fig. 1), a wing, putatively identified as Hymenoptera, was found. Here we describe this wing fossil as belonging to Ichneumonidae, a group with ca. 30% of SIE in Madeira Island. Moreover, this is the first somatofossil of ichneumonid parasitic wasps found in Madeira Island and in Macaronesian islands (i.e. Azores, Madeira, Canaries and Cabo Verde).
在海洋岛屿中，含有节肢动物躯体化石（身体化石）且年龄测定精确的沉积物十分罕见。然而，一旦有此类沉积物，它们对于为分子系统发育年代测定提供经验性和独立的最小年龄，以及为作为化石发现的生物类群的分类学、进化和古生物地理学信息提供补充数据而言非常重要。这对于在海洋岛屿内物种形成的分类群尤为重要，其中许多成为了单岛特有种（SIE）。最近，在马德拉岛波尔图-达克鲁斯一处130万年（卡拉布里亚期）的河流和湖泊沉积矿床（图1）中，发现了一只翅膀，初步鉴定为膜翅目。在此，我们将这只翅膀化石描述为属于姬蜂科，该类群在马德拉岛约占单岛特有种的30%。此外，这是在马德拉岛和马卡罗尼西亚群岛（即亚速尔群岛、马德拉岛、加那利群岛和佛得角）发现的姬蜂科寄生蜂的首个躯体化石。
