Dasari Sreenivasulu, Ganjayi Muni Swamy, Meriga Balaji
Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati-517502, Andhra Pradesh, India.
Interdiscip Toxicol. 2018 Aug;11(2):115-121. doi: 10.2478/intox-2018-0007. Epub 2019 Mar 2.
Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are major defence enzymes of the antioxidant enzymatic system. Cytosolic GSTs are more involved in the detoxification than mitochondrial and microsomal GSTs. GSTs are localized in the cerebellum and hippocampus of the rat brain. Acrylamide (AC) is a well assessed neurotoxin of both animals and humans and it produces skeletal muscle weakness and ataxia. AC is extensively used in several industries such as cosmetic, paper, textile, in ore processing, as soil conditioners, flocculants for waste water treatment and it is present in daily consumed food products, like potato chips, French fries, bread, breakfast cereals and beverages like coffee; it is detected on tobacco smoking. GST acts as a biomarker in response to acrylamide. AC can interact with DNA and therefore generate mutations. In rats, low level expression of glutathione S-trasferase (GST) decreases both memory and life span. The major aim of this review is to provide better information on the antioxidant role of GST against AC induced neurotoxicity and genotoxicity.
谷胱甘肽S-转移酶（GSTs）是抗氧化酶系统的主要防御酶。胞质GSTs比线粒体和微粒体GSTs更多地参与解毒过程。GSTs定位于大鼠脑的小脑和海马体中。丙烯酰胺（AC）是一种已得到充分评估的对动物和人类均有毒性的神经毒素，它会导致骨骼肌无力和共济失调。AC广泛应用于多个行业，如化妆品、造纸、纺织、矿石加工、作为土壤改良剂、废水处理絮凝剂等，并且存在于日常消费食品中，如薯片、薯条、面包、早餐谷物以及咖啡等饮料中；在吸烟时也可检测到。GST作为对丙烯酰胺反应的生物标志物。AC可与DNA相互作用，从而产生突变。在大鼠中，谷胱甘肽S-转移酶（GST）的低水平表达会降低记忆力和寿命。本综述的主要目的是提供关于GST对AC诱导的神经毒性和遗传毒性的抗氧化作用的更好信息。
