Samanta Palas, Das Rituparna, Pal Sandipan, Mukherjee Aloke Kumar, Senapati Tarakeshwar, Kole Debraj, Ghosh Apurba Ratan
Ecotoxicology Lab, Department of Environmental Science, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag, Burdwan 713104, West Bengal, India.
Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Anam-dong, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea.
Interdiscip Toxicol. 2018 Aug;11(2):138-147. doi: 10.2478/intox-2018-0010. Epub 2019 Mar 2.
The present study was designed to assess the adverse effects of the agrochemical Almix on comparative basis in gill, liver and kidney of through histological and ultrastructural observations under field (8 g/acre) and laboratory (66.67 mg/L) conditions. Exposure duration of both experiments was 30 days. Gill showed atrophy in secondary lamellae, hypertrophied gill epithelium, damage in chloride and pillar cells, and detachment of chloride cells from gill epithelium under laboratory condition, but hypertrophy in gill epithelium and fusion in secondary lamellae were seen under field condition. In gill, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed fragmentation in microridges, hyper-secretion of mucus and loss of normal array in microridges, while transmission electron microscopy (TEM) displayed dilated mitochondria and rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), abnormal sized vacuolation in chloride cells under laboratory condition. In liver, hypertrophied and pyknotic nuclei, disarrangement of hepatic cords, and cytoplasmic vacuolation were prominent under laboratory study but in field condition the liver showed little alterations. TEM study showed severe degeneration in RER and mitochondria and cytoplasmic vacuolation under laboratory condition but dilated mitochondria were prominent in field observation. Kidney showed severe nephropathic effects including degenerative changes in proximal and distal convolute tubule, damage in glomerulus under light microscopy, while deformity in nucleus, fragmentation in RER, severe vacuolation and necrosis in kidney were prominent under TEM study. The results clearly demonstrated that responses were more prominent in laboratory than field study. Thus the responses displayed by different tissues of concerned fish species exposed to Almix could be considered as indications of herbicide toxicity in aquatic ecosystem.
本研究旨在通过组织学和超微结构观察，在田间（8克/英亩）和实验室（66.67毫克/升）条件下，比较评估农用化学品Almix对鳃、肝脏和肾脏的不良影响。两个实验的暴露持续时间均为30天。在实验室条件下，鳃显示次生鳃小片萎缩、鳃上皮肥大、氯细胞和柱状细胞受损以及氯细胞与鳃上皮分离，但在田间条件下可见鳃上皮肥大和次生鳃小片融合。在鳃中，扫描电子显微镜（SEM）显示微嵴破碎、黏液过度分泌和微嵴正常排列丧失，而透射电子显微镜（TEM）显示在实验室条件下氯细胞中的线粒体和粗面内质网（RER）扩张、液泡大小异常。在肝脏中，实验室研究显示细胞核肥大和固缩、肝索排列紊乱以及细胞质空泡化，但在田间条件下肝脏变化不大。TEM研究显示在实验室条件下RER和线粒体严重退化以及细胞质空泡化，但在田间观察中扩张的线粒体较为突出。肾脏显示出严重的肾病效应，包括近端和远端曲小管的退行性变化、光镜下肾小球受损，而TEM研究显示细胞核畸形、RER破碎、严重空泡化和坏死。结果清楚地表明，实验室中的反应比田间研究更为明显。因此，接触Almix的相关鱼类不同组织所表现出的反应可被视为水生生态系统中除草剂毒性的指标。
