现代全身麻醉剂的作用机制与发展。
Mechanism and Development of Modern General Anesthetics.
机构信息
Department of Anesthesiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
Department of Anesthesia, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland.
出版信息
Curr Top Med Chem. 2019;19(31):2842-2854. doi: 10.2174/1568026619666191114101425.
BACKGROUND
Before October 1846, surgery and pain were synonymous but not thereafter. Conquering pain must be one of the very few strategies that has potentially affected every human being in the world of all milestones in medicine.
METHODS
This review article describes how various general anesthetics were discovered historically and how they work in the brain to induce sedative, hypnosis and immobility. Their advantages and disadvantages will also be discussed.
RESULTS
Anesthesia is a relatively young field but is rapidly evolving. Currently used general anesthetics are almost invariably effective, but nagging side effects, both short (e.g., cardiac depression) and long (e.g., neurotoxicity) term, have reawakened the call for new drugs.
CONCLUSION
Based on the deepening understanding of historical development and molecular targets and actions of modern anesthetics, novel general anesthetics are being investigated as potentially improved sedative-hypnotics or a key to understand the mechanism of anesthesia.
背景
1846 年 10 月 18 日之前，手术和疼痛是同义词，但此后并非如此。征服疼痛肯定是为数不多的策略之一，它有可能影响到医学所有里程碑上的世界上每一个人。
方法
本文综述了各种全身麻醉剂是如何在历史上被发现的，以及它们在大脑中是如何工作以产生镇静、催眠和不动的。还将讨论它们的优缺点。
结果
麻醉是一个相对较年轻的领域，但发展迅速。目前使用的全身麻醉剂几乎总是有效的，但令人烦恼的副作用，无论是短期的（如心脏抑制）还是长期的（如神经毒性），都重新唤起了对新药的需求。
结论
基于对现代麻醉剂的历史发展和分子靶点及作用的深入了解，新型全身麻醉剂正在被研究为潜在的改良镇静催眠药或理解麻醉机制的关键。
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