Department of Chemistry, Imo State University, P.M.B 2000, Owerri, Imo, Nigeria.
Department of Geology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B.1526, Owerri, Imo, Nigeria.
Environ Monit Assess. 2019 Nov 16;191(12):753. doi: 10.1007/s10661-019-7936-8.
Pollution and health risk assessment models were used to study the effects of effluents discharged into the Inyishi River, Ikeduru LGA, Imo State, Nigeria. The study aims at investigating the environmental health effects of wastewater effluent discharge from the aluminum extrusion company on the Inyishi River. Samples were collected from both the aluminum extrusion company and Inyishi River and analyzed for physicochemical and trace metal parameters. Models adopted for assessment include transfer factor (TF), contamination factor (Cf), pollution load index (PLI), ecological risk factor (Er), water quality index (WQI), hazard quotient (HQ), and hazard index (HI). The results of the study revealed that pH and TH were within the Nigerian Standard for Drinking Water Quality (NSDWQ) and World Health Organization (WHO) standards. EC values at 2235 ± 0.001 and 105 ± 0.03 μS/cm for S and S respectively were higher than the permissible standards, while the values of EC at 24.04 ± 0.03, 5.26 ± 0.005, and 0.05 ± 0.01 μS/cm respectively for S, S, and S are within the WHO standard. Very high concentration of SO was recorded at S, while low concentration was measured at S. Mean values of heavy metal ions studied were within NSDWQ and WHO standards for safe drinking water except for Al, Zn, Cd, Fe, and Mn, with the mean values of metal concentrations observed in the order Al > Fe > Zn > Mn > Cd > Cr. Positive linear correlation based on heavy metal contamination was observed for samples S and S with S. High TF values were observed in decreasing order Mn > Cd > Cr > Fe > Zn. Similarly, very high CF was observed for Cd and Al while the PLI was generally high for all the samples. Low Er values were observed for all metals except for Cd, with the mean value of Er observed in the decreasing order Cd ˃ Mn ˃ Zn ˃ Cr. The river water sample generally revealed high WQI and was thus categorized as poor quality. HQ and HI values were below unity (< 1), but might pose health risk to children in cases of prolonged dermal adsorption. In conclusion, the quality of the Inyishi River has been negatively impacted by the wastewater effluent from the aluminum extrusion company. Proper treatment of the river water is therefore recommended before use for domestic purposes as prolonged usage of the untreated water might likely pose serious environmental health risks.
采用污染与健康风险评估模型，研究了尼日利亚伊莫州伊基杜鲁地方政府区因伊希堤里河排放的废水对环境的影响。该研究旨在调查铝挤压公司排放的废水对因伊希堤里河的环境健康影响。采集了铝挤压公司和因伊希堤里河的样本，并分析了理化和痕量金属参数。评估采用的模型包括转移因子 (TF)、污染因子 (Cf)、污染负荷指数 (PLI)、生态风险因子 (Er)、水质指数 (WQI)、危害商数 (HQ) 和危害指数 (HI)。研究结果表明，pH 值和 TH 值均符合尼日利亚饮用水水质标准 (NSDWQ) 和世界卫生组织 (WHO) 标准。S 和 S 的 EC 值分别为 2235 ± 0.001 和 105 ± 0.03 μS/cm，高于允许标准，而 S、S 和 S 的 EC 值分别为 24.04 ± 0.03、5.26 ± 0.005 和 0.05 ± 0.01 μS/cm，均符合 WHO 标准。S 处的 SO 浓度非常高，而 S 处的浓度则较低。所研究的重金属离子的平均值均在 NSDWQ 和 WHO 标准范围内，符合安全饮用水标准，除 Al、Zn、Cd、Fe 和 Mn 外，这些金属的浓度平均值的顺序为 Al > Fe > Zn > Mn > Cd > Cr。S 和 S 样本之间观察到重金属污染的正线性相关性，而 S 样本没有观察到这种相关性。TF 值按 Mn > Cd > Cr > Fe > Zn 的顺序递减。同样，Cd 和 Al 的 CF 值非常高，而 PLI 通常对所有样本都很高。除 Cd 外，所有金属的 Er 值均较低，Er 值的平均值按 Cd > Mn > Zn > Cr 的顺序递减。河水样本的 WQI 普遍较高，因此被归类为水质较差。HQ 和 HI 值均低于 1，但如果长时间皮肤吸收，可能会对儿童造成健康风险。总之，铝挤压公司的废水排放对因伊希堤里河的水质产生了负面影响。因此，在将河水用于家庭用途之前，建议对其进行适当处理，因为长期使用未经处理的水可能会带来严重的环境健康风险。
