Department of Neurology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Poland.
Neurol Neurochir Pol. 2019;53(6):413-420. doi: 10.5603/PJNNS.a2019.0054. Epub 2019 Nov 20.
Pituitary apoplexy (PA) is a clinical syndrome caused by acute haemorrhage and/or infarction of the pituitary gland, generally within a frequently undiagnosed pituitary adenoma. The sudden increase in pituitary gland volume is responsible for typical symptoms: severe headache, nausea, vomiting, visual impairment, cranial nerve palsies, deteriorating level of consciousness, and hypopituitarism. Radiological evidence, especially magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) which is the most sensitive diagnostic modality, establishes the diagnosis. Multiple risk factors have been reported, although the majority of cases have no identifiable precipitants. The management strategy depends on the clinical manifestation, as well as the presence of co-morbidities, and remains controversial. Post apoplexy, there needs to be careful monitoring for recurrence of tumour growth and endocrinological function of the pituitary. This disease is rare but potentially life-threatening without rapid treatment. Because there are no randomised studies, it is suggested that further trials are needed to optimise proper management.
垂体卒中（PA）是一种由垂体腺急性出血和/或梗死引起的临床综合征，通常在未被诊断出的垂体腺瘤内。垂体腺体积的突然增加导致了典型的症状：剧烈头痛、恶心、呕吐、视力障碍、颅神经麻痹、意识水平恶化和垂体功能减退。影像学证据，特别是磁共振成像（MRI），是最敏感的诊断方式，可确立诊断。已经报道了多种危险因素，尽管大多数病例没有可识别的诱因。管理策略取决于临床表现，以及共存疾病的存在，并且仍然存在争议。在卒中后，需要仔细监测肿瘤生长和垂体内分泌功能的复发。这种疾病很少见，但如果不迅速治疗，可能会危及生命。由于没有随机研究，建议进行进一步的试验以优化适当的管理。
