Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiás, Brazil.
Faculty of Nursing, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiás, Brazil.
J Med Virol. 2020 Aug;92(8):1239-1245. doi: 10.1002/jmv.25632. Epub 2019 Dec 2.
The aim is to investigate the prevalence, risk factors, and hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes/subtypes among crack users in-treatment in Central Brazil. A cross-sectional survey in which 600 in-treatment crack users were interviewed and tested for anti-HCV Ab by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was conducted between August 2012 and April 2013. Anti-HCV-positive samples were also submitted for HCV RNA detection by polymerase chain reaction. Positive HCV RNA samples were genotyped by direct sequencing analysis of the NS5B region of the viral genome, followed by phylogenetic analysis. Of the total, 3.7% (95.0% CI, 2.4%-5.6%) were anti-HCV positive. Age over 40 years and history of injecting drugs were risk factors for HCV, while snorting cocaine was a protector variable. HCV RNA was detected in 14 of 22 anti-HCV-positive samples, and the genotypes 1 (n = 10) and 3 (n = 2), subtypes 1a (n = 7), 1b (n = 3), and 3a (n = 2) were identified. The HCV prevalence found among crack users is almost threefold that observed in the general population in Brazil supporting that this population is at higher risk for HCV. The findings of cocaine insufflation as a protective behavior for HCV infection in this population should be explored.
目的在于调查巴西中部接受治疗的可卡因吸食者中的流行率、风险因素以及丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）基因型/亚型。2012 年 8 月至 2013 年 4 月期间，进行了一项横断面调查，共对 600 名接受治疗的可卡因吸食者进行了访谈，并通过酶联免疫吸附试验检测了抗-HCV Ab。对抗-HCV 阳性样本也进行了 HCV RNA 检测，通过聚合酶链反应。对 HCV RNA 阳性样本进行了直接测序分析病毒基因组的 NS5B 区域，随后进行了系统发育分析。在总共的样本中，有 3.7%（95.0%置信区间，2.4%-5.6%）呈抗-HCV 阳性。年龄超过 40 岁和有注射毒品史是 HCV 的危险因素，而鼻吸可卡因是保护变量。在 22 份抗-HCV 阳性样本中的 14 份中检测到 HCV RNA，鉴定出的基因型为 1（n = 10）和 3（n = 2），亚型为 1a（n = 7）、1b（n = 3）和 3a（n = 2）。在可卡因吸食者中发现的 HCV 流行率几乎是巴西普通人群的三倍，这表明该人群感染 HCV 的风险更高。在该人群中，可卡因鼻吸作为 HCV 感染的保护行为的发现，应该进行探索。
