School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074 , P. R. China.
Enginering Research Centre for Functional Ceramics, Ministry of Education , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074 , P. R. China.
ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2020 Jan 8;12(1):1-37. doi: 10.1021/acsami.9b15005. Epub 2019 Dec 5.
Recent developments in various technologies, such as hybrid electric vehicles and pulsed power systems, have challenged researchers to discover affordable, compact, and super-functioning electric energy storage devices. Among the existing energy storage devices, polymer nanocomposite film capacitors are a preferred choice due to their high power density, fast charge and discharge speed, high operation voltage, and long service lifetime. In the past several years, they have been extensively researched worldwide, with 0D, 1D, and 2D nanofillers being incorporated into various polymer matrixes. However, 1D nanofillers appeared to be the most effective in producing large dipole moments, which leads to a considerably enhanced dielectric permittivity and energy density of the nanocomposite. As such, this Review focuses on recent advances in polymer matrix nanocomposites using various types of 1D nanofillers, i.e., linear, ferroelectric, paraelectric, and relaxor-ferroelectric for energy storage applications. Correspondingly, the latest developments in the nanocomposite dielectrics with highly oriented, surface-coated, and surface-decorated 1D nanofillers are presented. Special attention has been paid to identifying the underlying mechanisms of maximizing dielectric displacement, increasing dielectric breakdown strength, and enhancing the energy density. This Review also presents some suggestions for future research in low-loss, high energy storage devices.
近年来，各种技术的发展，如混合动力汽车和脉冲功率系统，促使研究人员去发现经济实用、结构紧凑和超高性能的电能存储设备。在现有的储能设备中，聚合物纳米复合薄膜电容器由于其高的功率密度、快速的充放电速度、高的工作电压和长的使用寿命而成为首选。在过去的几年中，它们在全世界范围内得到了广泛的研究，0D、1D 和 2D 纳米填料被结合到各种聚合物基体中。然而，1D 纳米填料在产生大偶极矩方面似乎最为有效，这导致了纳米复合材料介电常数和储能密度的显著提高。因此，本综述重点介绍了使用各种类型的 1D 纳米填料（即线性、铁电、弛豫铁电和铁电）的聚合物基体纳米复合材料的最新进展，用于储能应用。相应地，介绍了具有高度取向、表面涂覆和表面修饰的 1D 纳米填料的纳米复合材料电介质的最新发展。特别关注确定最大化介电位移、提高介电击穿强度和提高能量密度的基本机制。本文还对低损耗、高储能器件的未来研究提出了一些建议。
