Benca Ruth M, Teodorescu Mihai
Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States.
Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States.
Handb Clin Neurol. 2019;167:477-493. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-804766-8.00026-1.
Sleep problems occur commonly in normal and pathologic aging. Older adults typically have more difficulty falling asleep and remaining asleep, report more daytime napping, and have an increased prevalence of primary sleep disorders such as insomnia, parasomnias, sleep apnea, and sleep-related movement disorders. Medical and psychiatric disorders as well as medications used to treat them also contribute to sleep disturbances in aging. Patients with mild cognitive impairment and dementia have more severe sleep problems, and disturbed sleep and sleep disorders contribute to earlier onset and more rapid progression of neurodegenerative disorders. Approaches to diagnosing and treating sleep disorders in the elderly are discussed.
睡眠问题在正常衰老和病理性衰老中都很常见。老年人通常在入睡和保持睡眠方面更困难，白天打盹的情况更多，并且原发性睡眠障碍如失眠、异态睡眠、睡眠呼吸暂停和睡眠相关运动障碍的患病率增加。医学和精神疾病以及用于治疗这些疾病的药物也会导致老年人的睡眠障碍。轻度认知障碍和痴呆患者有更严重的睡眠问题，而睡眠障碍和睡眠失调会导致神经退行性疾病更早发病和进展更快。本文讨论了老年人睡眠障碍的诊断和治疗方法。
