Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA; Center for Air Resources Engineering and Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, USA.
Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
Environ Res. 2020 Feb;181:108912. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108912. Epub 2019 Nov 11.
Prior work found increased rates for emergency department (ED) visits for asthma and hospitalizations for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease per unit mass of PM across New York State (NYS) during 2014-2016 after significant reductions in ambient PM concentrations had occurred following implementation of various policy actions and major economic disruptions. The associations of source-specific PM concentrations with these respiratory diseases were assessed with a time-stratified case-cossover design and logistic regression models to identify the changes in the PM that have led to the apparently increased toxicity per unit mass. The rates of ED visits and hospitalizations for asthma and COPD associated with increases in source-specific PM concentrations in the prior 1, 4, and 7 days were estimated for 6 urban sites in New York State. Overall, there were similar numbers of significantly increased (n = 9) and decreased rates (n = 8) of respiratory events (asthma and COPD hospitalizations and ED visits) associated with increased source-specific PM concentrations in the previous 1, 4, and 7 days. Associations of source-specific PM concentrations with excess rates of hospitalizations for COPD for spark- and compression ignition vehicles increased in the 2014-2016 period, but the values were not statistically significant. Other source types showed inconsistent patterns of excess rates. For asthma ED visits, only biomass burning and road dust showed consistent positive associations with road dust having significant values for most lag times. Secondary nitrate also showed significant positive associations with asthma ED visits in the AFTER period compared to no associations in the prior periods. These results suggest that the relationships of asthma and COPD exacerbation with source-specific PM are not well defined and further work will be needed to determine the causes of the apparent increases in the per unit mass toxicity of PM in New York State in the 2014-16 period.
先前的工作发现，在纽约州（NYS）实施了各种政策行动和重大经济干扰后，环境 PM 浓度显著降低，2014 年至 2016 年期间，每单位质量 PM 的急诊就诊率（ED）和慢性阻塞性肺病（COPD）住院率均有所增加。采用时间分层病例交叉设计和逻辑回归模型评估源特异性 PM 浓度与这些呼吸系统疾病的关联，以确定导致单位质量毒性明显增加的 PM 变化。在过去的 1、4 和 7 天内，针对纽约州 6 个城市站点，评估了与源特异性 PM 浓度增加相关的哮喘和 COPD 的 ED 就诊率和住院率。总体而言，与源特异性 PM 浓度增加相关的呼吸道事件（哮喘和 COPD 住院和 ED 就诊）的显著增加（n=9）和减少（n=8）率相似。在 2014 年至 2016 年期间，火花和压缩点火车辆的源特异性 PM 浓度与 COPD 住院率的超额比率之间的关联增加，但这些值没有统计学意义。其他源类型显示出不一致的超额比率模式。对于哮喘 ED 就诊，只有生物质燃烧和道路灰尘与道路灰尘显示出一致的正相关，且在大多数滞后时间上具有显著值。与前几个时期相比，二次硝酸盐在后一个时期与哮喘 ED 就诊也表现出显著的正相关。这些结果表明，哮喘和 COPD 恶化与源特异性 PM 的关系尚不清楚，需要进一步研究以确定在 2014-16 年期间纽约州 PM 单位质量毒性增加的原因。
