Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2020 Feb 10;703:135468. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135468. Epub 2019 Nov 13.
Nowadays, sanitary landfilling is the most common approach to eliminate municipal solid waste, but a major drawback is the generation of heavily polluted leachates. These leachates must be appropriately treated before being discharged into the environment. Generally, the leachate characteristics such as COD, BOD/COD ratio, and landfill age are necessary determinants for selection of suitable treatment technologies. Rapid, sensitive and cost-effective bioassays are required to evaluate the toxicity of leachate before and after the treatment. This review summarizes extensive studies on leachate treatment methods and leachate toxicity assessment. It is found that individual biological or physical-chemical treatment is unable to meet strict effluent guidelines, whereas a combination of biological and physical-chemical treatments can achieve satisfactory removal efficiencies of both COD and ammonia nitrogen. In order to assess the toxic effects of leachate on different trophic organisms, we need to develop an appropriate matrix of bioassays based on their sensitivity to various toxicants and a multispecies approach using organisms representing different trophic levels. In this regard, a reduction in toxicity of the treated leachate will contribute to assessing the effectiveness of a specific remediation strategy.
现如今，卫生填埋是处理城市固体废物最常用的方法，但主要缺点是会产生污染严重的渗滤液。这些渗滤液在排放到环境中之前必须进行适当的处理。一般来说，渗滤液的特性，如 COD、BOD/COD 比和填埋年龄，是选择合适处理技术的必要决定因素。在处理前后，需要快速、敏感且具有成本效益的生物测定法来评估渗滤液的毒性。本文综述了广泛的渗滤液处理方法和渗滤液毒性评估研究。研究发现，单独的生物或物理化学处理方法无法满足严格的排放标准，而生物和物理化学处理的组合可以达到令人满意的 COD 和氨氮去除效率。为了评估渗滤液对不同营养级生物的毒性影响，我们需要根据它们对各种毒物的敏感性，以及使用代表不同营养级的多物种方法，开发适当的生物测定矩阵。在这方面，处理后渗滤液的毒性降低将有助于评估特定修复策略的有效性。
