Nepal Pankaj, Kumar Devendra, Ojili Vijayanadh
St. Vincent's Medical Center, Connecticut, United States.
Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.
SA J Radiol. 2018 Sep 27;22(1):1374. doi: 10.4102/sajr.v22i1.1374. eCollection 2018.
Cryptorchidism refers to an absence of the testis in the scrotal sac. Testicular descent occurs in two stages: transabdominal and gubernacular. The descent of the testis can be arrested in its usual path of descent (true undescended testis) or can migrate from the usual path of descent (ectopic testis). Localising the missing testis is important for surgical planning, as well as for identification of complications that are more common with cryptorchidism. Ultrasound is the initial imaging modality to visualise, as well as localise the testis in cryptorchidism. However, ultrasound imaging is limited in visualising testes that are not superficial in location. This article highlights various examples of abnormal descent of the testis in usual as well as unusual locations and complications of undescended testes. Further evaluation with computed tomography scan or magnetic resonance imaging is needed in indeterminate cases and for identification of complications. We have highlighted the role of specific modalities with imaging findings in this pictorial review for the appropriate selection of each modality in clinical practice.
隐睾是指阴囊内无睾丸。睾丸下降分为两个阶段：经腹阶段和引带阶段。睾丸下降可能在其正常下降路径中受阻（真性隐睾），也可能从正常下降路径迁移（异位睾丸）。确定缺失睾丸的位置对于手术规划以及识别隐睾更常见的并发症很重要。超声是用于可视化以及定位隐睾中睾丸的初始成像方式。然而，超声成像在可视化位置不浅表的睾丸方面存在局限性。本文重点介绍了睾丸在正常及异常位置异常下降的各种实例以及隐睾的并发症。在不确定的病例中以及为了识别并发症，需要进一步进行计算机断层扫描或磁共振成像评估。在本图像综述中，我们强调了特定成像方式的作用及成像结果，以便在临床实践中为每种方式的合理选择提供参考。
