Chidamide in combination with chemotherapy in refractory and relapsed T lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukemia.

Chidamide, a novel histone deacetylase inhibitor, has exerted effects in T-cell tumors through various mechanisms. Seventeen patients with refractory or relapsed T-cell acute lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukemia (T-LBL/ALL) received Chidamide combined with chemotherapy as salvage treatment. Historical data was analyzed as comparison as chemotherapy group. Complete response (CR) rate and overall response rate (ORR) of Chidamide + chemotherapy group were higher than that of chemotherapy group after one course. Chidamide + chemotherapy group had a better progress-free survival (PFS) compared to chemotherapy group. No difference in overall survival (OS) was observed. Grade 3/4 nonhematological adverse events (>10%) of patients in Chidamide + chemotherapy group included febrile neutropenia (64.7%), drug-induced liver failure (17.6%), decreased fibrinogen (11.8%), sepsis (11.8%), pneumonitis (11.8%), and oral mucositis (11.8%). This study demonstrates that Chidamide included regimen may be a new treatment strategy with an acceptable safety profile for refractory or relapsed T-LBL/ALL patients but requires further investigation.