Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain.
Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain.
Sci Total Environ. 2019 Dec 1;694:133716. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133716. Epub 2019 Aug 5.
This study aims to quantify the selenium contribution from tuna to the Spanish diet and evidence the Se protective role against mercury and inorganic arsenic toxicity. Selenium concentrations in tuna were determined by ICP-MS spectrometry (expressed as mg kg), and the risk assessment was evaluated joined to Hg and iAs contrasting criteria of regulatory agencies with those that consider the Se protective role. Differences between Se average concentrations in fresh (1.24) and preserved (1.17) tuna were not statistically significant. In canned tuna species, Se presented higher mean levels in Thunnus albacares (1.28) than Thunnus alalunga (1.01) with statistically significant differences (p = 0.002), and among canned preparations a decreasing sequence was observed in different preparation-packaging media: oil (1.42) > natural (1.01) > pickled (0.92). Statistical study showed Hg-iAs as the only pair significantly correlated in all samples. The HI (sum of individual target hazard quotients -THQs-) on the consumption of tuna in Spain, due to exposure to Se, Hg and iAs, revealed the possibility of risk of adverse chronic effects in the six-year-old children group (1.09). According to the maximum allowable tuna consumption rate in meals/week (CR) and the THQs obtained, tuna intake, especially in children, should be moderated. The health benefit values (HBV) were positive in all samples, 14.53 and 15.65 in fresh and preserved tuna, respectively, which allows tuna to be considered safe. The benefit-risk value (BRV) evidenced the Se molar excess with respect to Hg that reached a surplus of 14.32% on Se AI in adults. Since iAs reduces the Se bioavailability, applying a new BRV criterion, the aforementioned percentage decreased to 13.49% of Se AI. In conclusion, tuna offers high levels of selenium to counteract adverse effects by the presence of Hg and iAs, and to provide consumers an important source of this essential element safely.
本研究旨在量化金枪鱼对西班牙饮食中硒的贡献，并证明硒在对抗汞和无机砷毒性方面的保护作用。通过电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）（以毫克/千克表示）测定金枪鱼中的硒浓度，并结合监管机构的 Hg 和 iAs 对比标准以及考虑硒保护作用的标准，对风险评估进行评估。新鲜（1.24）和保存（1.17）金枪鱼中硒的平均浓度之间没有统计学差异。在罐装金枪鱼品种中，Thunnus albacares（1.28）中的硒含量平均值高于 Thunnus alalunga（1.01），差异具有统计学意义（p=0.002），并且在不同的罐装准备-包装介质中观察到递减序列：油（1.42）>天然（1.01）>腌制（0.92）。统计研究表明，在所有样品中，Hg-iAs 是唯一一对显著相关的。由于暴露于硒、汞和无机砷，西班牙金枪鱼消费的 HI（个体目标危害系数 -THQs-的总和）表明，6 岁儿童组可能存在慢性不良影响的风险（1.09）。根据每周膳食中允许的金枪鱼最大消费率（CR）和获得的 THQs，金枪鱼的摄入量，尤其是儿童的摄入量，应适度控制。在所有样本中，健康效益值（HBV）均为正值，新鲜和保存金枪鱼分别为 14.53 和 15.65，这表明金枪鱼是安全的。在成人中，硒与汞的摩尔过剩量达到 AI 硒的 14.32%，因此，在所有样本中，受益风险值（BRV）证明了硒的过剩，从而达到了 14.32%。由于 iAs 降低了硒的生物利用度，因此应用新的 BRV 标准后，上述百分比降至 AI 硒的 13.49%。总之，金枪鱼提供了高水平的硒，以抵消 Hg 和 iAs 存在的不良影响，并为消费者提供一种安全的重要元素来源。
