Fuchsberger A
Institut für Werkzeugmaschinen und Betriebswissenschaften Technische Universität München.
Unfallchirurgie. 1988 Aug;14(4):173-83.
Yet one of the major problems with tools of bone machining is the possible thermal damage to the bone caused by the cutting action. Thermal damage to bone is the combined result of the temperature and the period of time that the bone tissue is at the elevated temperature. The effect of heat on bone tissue can result in the denaturation of the enzymic and membrane proteins and cellular death. That results in disorder capability of regeneration of bone tissue and in advantage of resorption. This paper described the research to study the thermal response of drilling of bone. Results are judging with temperature, cutting time as a normed comparison time and damaging temperature, which is the combined result of temperature and the period of time. Decrease of cutting time and temperature can avoid thermal damage, that be achieved with optimal drill bit geometry and conditions for drilling. A helix angle of 12 to 14 degrees, a point angle of 70 degrees and a clerance angle of 18 to 24 degrees are very appropriate for an optimized geometry. The borings should be executed by a medium cutting speed of 9 to 16 m/min (n = 600 to 1100 rpm at d = 4.5 mm). Concerning the thrust, one should not drill timidly but also avoid excessive forces. Thrust should be in the range of about 10 N/mmd. After 20 to 30 borings executed the drill bit must be repointed.
然而，骨加工工具的一个主要问题是切割动作可能对骨骼造成热损伤。骨骼的热损伤是骨骼组织处于高温状态时温度和持续时间共同作用的结果。热量对骨骼组织的影响会导致酶蛋白和膜蛋白变性以及细胞死亡。这会导致骨组织再生能力紊乱，并有利于吸收。本文描述了研究骨钻孔热响应的研究。结果以温度、切割时间作为标准化比较时间以及损伤温度来判断，损伤温度是温度和持续时间的综合结果。缩短切割时间和降低温度可以避免热损伤，这可以通过优化钻头几何形状和钻孔条件来实现。12至14度的螺旋角、70度的顶角和18至24度的后角对于优化几何形状非常合适。钻孔应采用9至16米/分钟的中等切割速度进行（在直径d = 4.5毫米时转速n = 600至1100转/分钟）。关于推力，不应胆怯地钻孔，但也要避免过大的力。推力应在约10牛/毫米直径的范围内。在进行20至30次钻孔后，必须重新磨尖钻头。
